US4295333A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Melting icebergs to produce fresh water and mechanical energy
Assignee: United States Department of Agriculture
•
Filing: 1979-07-11
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Granted: 1981-10-20
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Expires: 1999-07-11
Abstract
Abstract Fresh water and mechanical energy are obtained from melting of icebergs. Warm surface seawater is contacted with a fluid, which is vaporized. The resulting vapor is used to generate mechanical energy and then is condensed by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg. The fluid is regenerated with a concomitant elevation in the temperature of the melt water. The warmer melt water is cycled to the body of the iceberg to facilitate its melting and produce additional cold melt water, which is apportioned as fresh water and water cycled to condense the aforesaid vapor. In an alternate embodiment of the invention warm seawater is evaporated at reduced pressure. Mechanical energy is generated from the vapor, which is then condensed by direct and intimate contact with cold melt water from the iceberg. The resultant fresh water is a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg and has a temperature greater than the cold melt water. This fresh water mixture is contacted with the body of the iceberg to further melt it; part of the cold melt water is separated as fresh water and the remainder is cycled for use in condensing the vapor from the warm surface seawater.
Inventors
- 👤 Wayne M. Camirand
- 👤 John M. Randall
- 👤 Earl Hautala
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 22:54
CPC Classifications
F; F03; F03G; F03G7/00; F03G7/04; F03G7/05; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E10/00; Y02E10/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
185 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water in an amount greater than that available from the melting of the iceberg and mechanical energy, which comprises-- (a) evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature and a volume greater than the cold melt water alone, (d) contacting the so-produced mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, said contact being made in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow of the cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water as fresh water produce, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, the amount of said fresh water produced being greater than the amount of cold water obtained from melting of the iceberg.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
185 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water in an amount greater than that available from the melting of the iceberg and mechanical energy, which comprises-- (a) evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature and a volume greater than the cold melt water alone, (d) contacting the so-produced mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, said contact being made in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow of the cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water as fresh water produce, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, the amount of said fresh water produced being greater than the amount of cold water obtained from melting of the iceberg.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the warm surface seawater is evaporated under reduced pressure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the reduced pressure is about 5-25 millimeters of mercury.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein mechanical energy is generated from said vapor by passing said vapor through a turbine.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the vapor is expanded through the turbine.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
187 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy, which comprises-- (a) evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce fresh water comprising a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature greater than the cold melt water, said contacting comprising-- forming a lake on top of the iceberg, depositing said fresh water mixture at one end of said lake, separating a portion of cold melt water from the lake, and cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water from the other end of said lake for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, (d) contacting the so-produced fresh water mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water produce, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
187 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy, which comprises-- (a) evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce fresh water comprising a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature greater than the cold melt water, said contacting comprising-- forming a lake on top of the iceberg, depositing said fresh water mixture at one end of said lake, separating a portion of cold melt water from the lake, and cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water from the other end of said lake for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, (d) contacting the so-produced fresh water mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water produce, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
60 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said fresh water mixture is contacted with the body of the iceberg by projecting said melt water over the top of the iceberg and collecting the cold melt water in a container encircling all but the top portion of the iceberg, said top portion of the iceberg being covered by an airtight insulating shroud.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
78 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said fresh water mixture is contacted with the body of the iceberg by-- (a) introducing said fresh water mixture into the side of a container encircling all but the top portion of the iceberg, said container collecting the cold melt water, (b) separating a portion of the so-collected water from the container, and (c) cycling the remainder of the so-collected water from the container for direct and intimate contact with said vapor.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
135 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said fresh water mixture is contacted with the body of the iceberg by-- (a) forming a lake on top of the iceberg, (b) depositing said fresh water mixture at one end of said lake, (c) separating a portion of cold melt water from the lake, (d) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water from the other end of said lake for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, (e) introducing said fresh water mixture into the side of a container encircling all but the top portion of the iceberg, said container collecting the cold melt water, (f) separating a portion of the so-collected water from the container, and (g) cycling the remainder of the so-collected water from the container for direct and intimate contact with said vapor.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy which comprises-- (a) contacting warm surface seawater with a fluid to convert said fluid to a vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg to regenerate said fluid thereby raising the temperature of said melt water to produce warmer melt water, (d) contacting said warmer melt water with the body of the iceberg in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow which transfers heat to further melt the iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water for contact with said vapor.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy which comprises-- (a) contacting warm surface seawater with a fluid to convert said fluid to a vapor, (b) generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) condensing said vapor by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg to regenerate said fluid thereby raising the temperature of said melt water to produce warmer melt water, (d) contacting said warmer melt water with the body of the iceberg in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow which transfers heat to further melt the iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (e) separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water for contact with said vapor.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 10 wherein the fluid has the characteristic of being a vapor at the temperature of the warm surface seawater.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the fluid is liquid ammonia.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the fluid is a liquid halogenated hydrocarbon.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 10 wherein mechanical energy is generated from said vapor by passing said vapor through a turbine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 14 wherein the vapor is expanded through the turbine.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said cold melt water from the iceberg and said fluid are contacted on opposite sides of a heating exchanging surface.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
100 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said warmer melt water is contacted with the body of the iceberg by-- (a) forming a lake on top of the iceberg, (b) depositing said warmer melt water at one end of said lake in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow in said lake to transfer heat to further melt said iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (c) separating a portion of cold melt water from the lake, and (d) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water from the other end of said lake for contact with said vapor.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said warmer melt water is contacted with the body of the iceberg by projecting said melt water over the top of the iceberg and collecting the cold melt water in a container encircling all but the top portion of the iceberg, said top portion of the iceberg being covered by an insulating shroud.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
78 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said warmer melt water is contacted with the body of the iceberg by-- (a) introducing said warmer melt water into the side of a container encircling all but the cold melt water, said top portion of the iceberg being covered by an insulating shroud, (b) separating a portion of the so-collected water from the container, and (c) cycling the remainder of the so-collected water from the container for contact with said vapor.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
154 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said warmer melt water is contacted with the body of the iceberg by-- (a) forming a lake on top of the iceberg, (b) depositing said warmer melt water at one end of said lake in such a manner as to produce turbulent flow in said lake to transfer heat to further melt said iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (c) separating a portion of cold melt water from the lake, (d) cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water from the other end of said lake for contact with said vapor, (e) introducing said warmer melt water into the side of a container encircling all but the top portion of iceberg, said container collecting the cold melt water, (f) separating a portion of the so-collected water from the container, and (g) cycling the remainder of the so-collected water from the container for contact with said vapor.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for melting an iceberg to produce fresh water in an amount greater than that available from the melting of the iceberg and mechanical energy, which comprises in combination-- (a) means for evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) means for generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) means for condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature and a volume greater than said cold melt water alone, (d) means for contacting the so-produced fresh water mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, said means producing turbulent flow of the cold melt water, (e) means for separating a portion of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) means for cycling the remainder of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, the amount of said fresh water produce being greater than the amount of cold water obtained from the melting of the iceberg.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for melting an iceberg to produce fresh water in an amount greater than that available from the melting of the iceberg and mechanical energy, which comprises in combination-- (a) means for evaporating warm surface seawater to produce water vapor, (b) means for generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) means for condensing said vapor by contacting it directly and intimately with cold melt water from the iceberg to produce a mixture of condensed vapor and melt water from the iceberg, said mixture having a temperature and a volume greater than said cold melt water alone, (d) means for contacting the so-produced fresh water mixture with the body of the iceberg to melt the iceberg and produce cold melt water, said means producing turbulent flow of the cold melt water, (e) means for separating a portion of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) means for cycling the remainder of the so-produced mixture and cold melt water for direct and intimate contact with said vapor, the amount of said fresh water produce being greater than the amount of cold water obtained from the melting of the iceberg.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the means for generating energy from the vapor includes a turbine.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
144 words
An apparatus for melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy, which comprises in combination-- (a) means for contacting warm surface seawater with a fluid to convert said fluid to vapor, (b) means for generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) means for condensing said vapor by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg to regenerate said fluid thereby raising the temperature of said melt water to produce warmer melt water, (d) means for contacting said warmer melt water with the body of the iceberg to produce turbulent flow to transfer heat to the iceberg to further melt the iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (e) means for separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) means for cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water to contact it with said vapor.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
144 words
An apparatus for melting an iceberg to produce fresh water and mechanical energy, which comprises in combination-- (a) means for contacting warm surface seawater with a fluid to convert said fluid to vapor, (b) means for generating mechanical energy from said vapor, (c) means for condensing said vapor by contacting it with cold melt water from the iceberg to regenerate said fluid thereby raising the temperature of said melt water to produce warmer melt water, (d) means for contacting said warmer melt water with the body of the iceberg to produce turbulent flow to transfer heat to the iceberg to further melt the iceberg and further produce cold melt water, (e) means for separating a portion of the so-produced cold melt water as fresh water, and (f) means for cycling the remainder of the so-produced cold melt water to contact it with said vapor.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the means for generating mechanical energy from the vapor includes a turbine.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-10-19 | 1985-04-20 | 1985-10-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-10-19 | 1989-04-20 | 1989-10-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-10-19 | 1993-04-20 | 1993-10-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |