US4292408A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Mass and a method of preparing same of living cells of organisms for adsorbing metal ions from a physiological solution, and employment of the mass for enriching metals
Assignee: Forschungszentrum Jülich
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Filing: 1979-03-12
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Granted: 1981-09-29
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Expires: 1999-03-12
Abstract
Abstract A mass, and method of preparing such mass, and using the same for adsorbing metal ions from a physiological solution by means of living cells suspended in the solution. The cells suspended in the solution at a density of up to 20% by weight are exposed to an electric field of such intensity and over such a period of time that the membrane of the cells will be so changed that substances present in the interior of the cells and having a diameter within the range of from 2 to 50 A, such as potassium and proteins, pass from the interior of the cells into the physiological solution. The electric force or intensity is limited in such a way that the changes in the membrane of the cells can be healed by regeneration of the cells. The mass is introduced into the aqueous solution, such as sea water, lake water or waste water, and left therein until the mass as adsorbed therefrom the metal at a desired concentration, whereupon the mass is separated from the aqueous solution.
Inventors
- 👤 Ulrich Zimmermann
- 👤 Gunter Pilwat
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 12:47
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D15/00; C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/28; C02F1/286; C12; C12N; C12N13/00; C22; C22B; C22B3/00; C22B3/18; G; G21; G21F; G21F9/00; G21F9/04; G21F9/06; G21F9/18; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P10/00; Y02P10/20; Y10; Y10S; Y10S423/00; Y10S423/09; Y10S423/17
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 4
Claim 1
Independent Claim
278 words
A method specifically for removing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, the method comprising the steps of: providing a treating solution which is physiologically compatible with living cells; preparing a mass of single cell microorganisms, each having a cell wall with a membrane supported thereby, the mass weighing approximately 20% of the physiologically compatible solution; suspending the mass of cells in the solution; exposing the treating solution with the mass of cells suspended therein to an electric field having an intensity in the range of 1 to 20 KV/CM for a period of time sufficient to increase the porosity of the cell membranes wherein the increased porosity allows molecules within the cells and having diameters in the range of 2 to 50 Angstrom units to pass through the cell walls and into the treating solution; limiting the exposure to a level which permits regeneration of the membranes after termination of the exposure; removing the cells from the treating solution; adsorbing the metal ions in the aqueous solution onto the cells by suspending the cells in the aqueous solution; and removing the adsorbed metals from the aqueous solution by removing suspended cells therefrom, the aqueous solution having the desired metal ions include uranium ions, wherein the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of chlorella algae, dunalliela algae, sea water, bacteria grown in nitrate and phosphate waste waters, wherein the exposure step comprises pulsing the treating solution four times at an intensity of about 10 KV/CM with a pulse duration of about 10 μsec, wherein the removing step comprises centrifuging the solution to separate the microorganisms from the solution and wherein the adsorbing step comprises suspending the microorganisms.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
278 words
A method specifically for removing metal ions contained in an aqueous solution, the method comprising the steps of: providing a treating solution which is physiologically compatible with living cells; preparing a mass of single cell microorganisms, each having a cell wall with a membrane supported thereby, the mass weighing approximately 20% of the physiologically compatible solution; suspending the mass of cells in the solution; exposing the treating solution with the mass of cells suspended therein to an electric field having an intensity in the range of 1 to 20 KV/CM for a period of time sufficient to increase the porosity of the cell membranes wherein the increased porosity allows molecules within the cells and having diameters in the range of 2 to 50 Angstrom units to pass through the cell walls and into the treating solution; limiting the exposure to a level which permits regeneration of the membranes after termination of the exposure; removing the cells from the treating solution; adsorbing the metal ions in the aqueous solution onto the cells by suspending the cells in the aqueous solution; and removing the adsorbed metals from the aqueous solution by removing suspended cells therefrom, the aqueous solution having the desired metal ions include uranium ions, wherein the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of chlorella algae, dunalliela algae, sea water, bacteria grown in nitrate and phosphate waste waters, wherein the exposure step comprises pulsing the treating solution four times at an intensity of about 10 KV/CM with a pulse duration of about 10 μsec, wherein the removing step comprises centrifuging the solution to separate the microorganisms from the solution and wherein the adsorbing step comprises suspending the microorganisms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 1, which includes the step of introducing a protein synthesis inhibiting substance having a concentration of about 10 -6 Mol/l into said aqueous solution compatible for living cells and simultaneously having physiological solution characteristics.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 2, which includes the step of using cycloheximide as protein synthesis inhibiting substance and thus retaining high absorption capability over a longer period of time.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-03-30 | 1985-09-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-03-30 | 1989-09-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-09-28 | 1993-03-30 | 1993-09-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |