US4292044A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Solid fuel
Assignee: Kyoshin Co Ltd
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Filing: 1980-04-04
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Granted: 1981-09-29
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Expires: 2000-04-04
Abstract
Abstract A solid fuel includes a mixture of a liquid fuel and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin - containing decomposition product of starch and a second combustible substance such as pulp.
Inventors
- 👤 Ichiro Shibanai
- 👤 Kouki Horikoshi
- 👤 Nobuyuki Nakamura
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 07:39
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L7/00; C10L7/02; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E50/00; Y02E50/10; Y02E50/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
30 words
A solid fuel comprising a mixture of a liquid fuel and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin-containing decomposition product of starch, which mixture also includes a second combustible substance and a base.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
30 words
A solid fuel comprising a mixture of a liquid fuel and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin-containing decomposition product of starch, which mixture also includes a second combustible substance and a base.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The solid fuel of claim 1, which has been shaped by thermoforming.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The solid fuel of claim 1 in which said liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon fuels, alcoholic fuels and fatty oil fuels.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The solid fuel of claim 1 in which said second combustible substance is selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, chaff and sawdust.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The solid fuel of claim 1 in which said base is wax.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process for producing a solid fuel comprising the steps of mixing a liquid fuel with cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin-containing decomposition product of starch to form an inclusion compound of the liquid fuel and cyclodextrin, and adding a second combustible substance and a base.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process for producing a solid fuel comprising the steps of mixing a liquid fuel with cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin-containing decomposition product of starch to form an inclusion compound of the liquid fuel and cyclodextrin, and adding a second combustible substance and a base.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 6 comprising shaping the solid fuel by thermoforming.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 6 in which said liquid fuel is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon fuels, alcoholic fuels and fatty oil fuels.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 6 in which said second combustible substance is selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, chaff and sawdust.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 6 in which said base is wax.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
130 words
A process for producing a solid fuel comprises the steps of: (a) adjusting the pH of 100 liters of a 25% (W/V) starch suspension containing calcium chloride to 6.5; (b) adding a bacterium liquefaction type amylase (10,000 units/gram) in an amount of 10 units/gram of starch; (c) heating the mixture at 85°-95° C. for 15 minutes and at 130° C for 5 minutes; (d) cooling the resulting liquefied starch to 60° C. and adjusting the pH to 8.5 by the addition of caustic soda; (e) adding 30 units per gram of starch of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (30,000 units/gram) and 10 kg. of kerosene; (f) agitating the mixture for 70 hours; (g) adding 10 kg of powdered chaff; and (h) drying the resulting mixture at 60° C. under reduced pressure with stirring.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
130 words
A process for producing a solid fuel comprises the steps of: (a) adjusting the pH of 100 liters of a 25% (W/V) starch suspension containing calcium chloride to 6.5; (b) adding a bacterium liquefaction type amylase (10,000 units/gram) in an amount of 10 units/gram of starch; (c) heating the mixture at 85°-95° C. for 15 minutes and at 130° C for 5 minutes; (d) cooling the resulting liquefied starch to 60° C. and adjusting the pH to 8.5 by the addition of caustic soda; (e) adding 30 units per gram of starch of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (30,000 units/gram) and 10 kg. of kerosene; (f) agitating the mixture for 70 hours; (g) adding 10 kg of powdered chaff; and (h) drying the resulting mixture at 60° C. under reduced pressure with stirring.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-03-30 | 1985-09-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-09-28 | 1989-03-30 | 1989-09-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-09-28 | 1993-03-30 | 1993-09-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |