In-flight encapsulation of particles

Claim 2

An encapsulated particle having been in situ encapsulated and concurrently and directly adhered to an earth target, comprising: a particle, said particle encapsulated with a polymer, said polymer selected from the class consisting of (a) polyvinyl acetate; (b) a polyvinyl ether wherein said repeating unit has from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; (c) an acrylic polymer or a copolymer made from monomers having the formula ##STR10## where R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (d) the salt of (1) an interpolymer having the structure ##STR11## wherein R and R 1 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; R 2 is a member of the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; R 3 is a member of the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; n represents from 3 to 12 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; x represents from 8 to 25 percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; y represents from 45 to 89 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; z represents from 0 to 44 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; the sum of the numerical value of n+x+y+z is always exactly 100 and the groups n, x, y and z are present in a heterogeneous relative position, and (2) a member of the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, a low boiling primary aliphatic amine and a low boiling secondary aliphatic amine, said salt being soluble in water in the pH range of from about 5 to 8; and (e) combinations thereof; and said particle having been in situ encapsulated and concurrently and directly applied to the earth target; said encapsulated particle containing a small amount of an adhesive agent so that said encapsulated particle has improved tackiness and adheres to said earth target.

Claim 3

An encapsulated particle according to claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl acetate ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl ether ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said acrylic polymers ranges from about 10,000 to about 600,000, and wherein the molecular weight of said interpolymer ranges from about 20,000 to about 1,000,000.

Claim 4

An encapsulated particle according to claim 2, including adding crosslinking agents for reaction with said polymer upon ejection, and including an alkaline compound so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - and Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 5

An encapsulated particle according to claim 2, wherein said adhesive agent has the formula ##STR12## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 6

An encapsulated particle according to claim 2, wherein said particle is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nutrients, trace minerals, nematicides, molluscicides, acaricides, pheromones, odorants, attractants, fragrances, and repellants.

Claim 7

An encapsulated particle according to claim 5, wherein said trace mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, boric acid, sodium borate, sodium selenate, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate, manganese chloride, and combinations thereof; wherein said insecticides and said acaricides are selected from the group consisting of pyrethrin-piperonyl butoxide, O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate, O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl-O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl]phosphorothioate, 1-naphthyl methyl-carbamate, 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenol methylcarbamate, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-O-(methyl carbamoyl)oxime, S-methyl-N-[methyl carbamoyl (oxy)]thioacetamide, chlorinated camphene, 67 percent octachlorocamphene, tricalcium aresenate, sodium aluminum fluoride, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, and combinations thereof; wherein said nematicides include O,O-diethyl-O-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate, and combinations thereof; wherein said mulluscicides include copper sulfate, tributyltin fluoride, n-tritylmorpholine, sodium pentachlorophenate, and combinations thereof; wherein said herbicides include 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, alkylamine salts of 2,4-D, butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, 3,6-dichloro-O-anisic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide, isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate, S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 2-chloro-4,6-Bis(ethylamino)-S-triazine, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine, and combinations thereof; and wherein said fungicides include triphenyltin acetate, methyl-1-(butacarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate, and combinations thereof.

Claim 8

An encapsulated particle according to claim 5, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 0.3 to about 25 parts by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 1 to about 40 parts by weight.

Claim 9

An encapsulated particle according to claim 7, including an adhesive agent, said adhesive agent being an alkyl ester of the formula ##STR13## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 parts by weight based upon the total weight of said encapsulated particle.

Claim 10

An encapsulated particle according to claims 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl acetate.

Claim 11

An encapsulated particle according to claims 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl ether.

Claim 12

An encapsulated particle according to claim 10, wherein said polyvinyl ether has two carbon atoms in the repeating unit.

Claim 13

An encapsulated particle according to claims 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein said polymer is said acrylic polymer or copolymer.

Claim 14

An encapsulated particle according to claim 12, wherein R 4 of said formulation is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein said R 5 of said formula is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and wherein the molecular weight of said polymer or said copolymer ranges from about 30,000 to about 300,000.

Claim 15

An encapsulated particle according to claims 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein said polymer is said interpolymer.

Claim 16

A process for the in situ encapsulation of particles between a spraying apparatus and an earth target, comprising the steps of: preparing a self-encapsulating polymeric-containing solution; said solution comprising by weight from about 0.3 percent to about 25 percent of a polymer, from about 35 percent to about 99 percent of a solvent, said solvent being a compound which will solubilize said polymer, and from about 1 percent to about 40 percent of the particles, said particle being soluble or dispersible in said solvent; said polymer selected from the class consisting of (a) polyvinyl acetate; (b) a polyvinyl ether within said repeating unit has from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; (c) an acrylic polymer or a copolymer made from monomers having the formula ##STR14## wherein R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (d) the salt of (1) an interpolymer having the structure ##STR15## wherein R and R 1 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; R 2 is a member of the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; R 3 is a member of the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; n represents from 3 to 12 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; x represents from 8 to 25 percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; y represents from 45 to 89 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; z represents from 0 to 44 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; the sum of the numerical value of n+x+y+z is always exactly 100 and the groups n, x, y and z are present in a heterogeneous relative position, and (2) a member of the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, a low boiling primary aliphatic amine and a low boiling secondary aliphatic amine, said salt being soluble in water in the pH range of from about 5 to 8; and (e) combinations thereof; in situ encapsulating said soluble or dispersible particle by: spraying into the earth's atmosphere said solution containing said soluble or dispersible particle from a spray apparatus, and immediately thereafter; evaporating said solvent in aid earth's atmosphere, and coacervating during the passage from said spraying apparatus to an earth target said polymer and said particle in said earth's atmosphere so that said polymer substantially encapsulates said particle, and concurrently and directly applying said encapsulated particle to an earth target.

Claim 17

A process for the in situ encapsulation of particles between a spraying apparatus and an earth target, comprising the steps of: preparing a self-encapsulating polymeric-containing solution; said solution comprising by weight from about 0.3 percent to about 25 percent of a polymer, from about 35 percent to about 99 percent of a solvent, said solvent being a compound which will solubilize said polymer, and from about 1 percent to about 40 percent of the particles, said particle being soluble or dispersible in said solvent; said polymer selected from the class consisting of (a) polyvinyl acetate; (b) a polyvinyl ether within said repeating unit has from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; (c) an acrylic polymer or a copolymer made from monomers having the formula ##STR14## wherein R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (d) the salt of (1) an interpolymer having the structure ##STR15## wherein R and R 1 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; R 2 is a member of the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; R 3 is a member of the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; n represents from 3 to 12 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; x represents from 8 to 25 percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; y represents from 45 to 89 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; z represents from 0 to 44 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; the sum of the numerical value of n+x+y+z is always exactly 100 and the groups n, x, y and z are present in a heterogeneous relative position, and (2) a member of the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, a low boiling primary aliphatic amine and a low boiling secondary aliphatic amine, said salt being soluble in water in the pH range of from about 5 to 8; and (e) combinations thereof; in situ encapsulating said soluble or dispersible particle by: spraying into the earth's atmosphere said solution containing said soluble or dispersible particle from a spray apparatus, and immediately thereafter; evaporating said solvent in aid earth's atmosphere, and coacervating during the passage from said spraying apparatus to an earth target said polymer and said particle in said earth's atmosphere so that said polymer substantially encapsulates said particle, and concurrently and directly applying said encapsulated particle to an earth target.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 15, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl acetate ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl ether ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said acrylic polymer or copolymer ranges from about 10,000 to about 60,000, and wherein the molecular weight of said interpolymer ranges from about 20,000 to about 1,000,000.

Claim 19

A process according to claim 16, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 20

A process according to claim 16, wherein said particle is selected from the group consisting of an insecticide, a trace mineral, an acaricide, a nematicide, a molluscicide, a herbicide, a fungicide, a pheromone, an odorant, a fragrance, an attractant, a repellant, and combinations thereof.

Claim 21

A process according to claim 18, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 22

A process according to claim 19, including adding crosslinking agents to said solution prior to ejection for reaction with said polymer, and including the step of adding an alkaline compound to said solution so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - and Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 23

A process according to claim 19, including adding an adhesive agent so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an inert target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 24

A process according to claim 21, wherein said adhesive agent is an alkyl ester having the formula ##STR16## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 25

A process according to claim 18, wherein said trace mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, boric acid, sodium borate, sodium selenate, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate, manganese chloride, and combinations thereof, wherein said Nematicide is selected from the group consisting of O,O-dietyl-0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorodithioate, O-ethyl-S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate (Ethoprop), and combinations thereof, wherein said molluscicide is selected from the group consisting of copper sulfate, n-tritylmorpholine (trifenmorph), tributyltin fluoride, sodium pentachlorphenate, and combinations thereof, and wherein said fungicide is selected from the group consisting of triphenyltin acetate, methyl-1-(butacarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate (Benomyl), and combinations thereof.

Claim 26

A process according to claim 23, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 27

A process according to claim 24, including adding crosslinking agents to said solution prior to ejection for reaction with said polymer, and including the step of adding an alkaline compound to said solution so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - and Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 28

A process according to claim 24, including adding an adhesive agnet so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an inert target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 29

A process according to claim 26, wherein said adhesive agent is an alkyl ester having the formula ##STR17## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 30

A process according to claim 27, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

Claim 31

A process according to claim 18, wherein said particle is a herbicide, said herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), alkylamine salts of 2,4-D, butyoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (Silvex), 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben), 3,6-dichloro-O-anisic acid (Dicamba), 2,3,5-trichlorophenylacetic acid (Fenac), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (Dichlobenil), N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamine (Randox), S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (Sutan), isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (chloropropham), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (Amitrole), 2-chloro-4,6-Bis (ethylamino)-isopropylamino-S-triazine (Atrazine), and combinations thereof.

Claim 32

A process according to claim 29, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 33

A process according to claim 30, including adding crosslinking agents to said solution prior to ejection for reaction with said polymer, and including the step of adding an alkaline compound to said solution so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - , Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 34

A process according to claim 29, including adding an adhesive agent so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an inert target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 35

A process according to claim 32, wherein said adhesive agent is an alkyl ester having the formula ##STR18## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 36

A process according to claim 33, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

Claim 37

A process according to claim 18, wherein said particle is a pheromone.

Claim 38

A process according to claim 19, wherein said particle is a pheromone.

Claim 39

A process according to claim 21, wherein said particle is a pheromone.

Claim 40

A process according to claim 22, wherein said particle is a pheromone.

Claim 41

A process according to claim 18, wherein said particle is an insecticide or an acaricide selected from the group consisting of O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (Parathion), O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (Methyl parathion), O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (Sumithion), O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate (Diazinon), O,O-dimethyl-O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl]phosphorothioate (Fenthion), Pyrethrin-piperonyl butoxide, 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (Carbaryl), 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate (Baygon), 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-O-(methyl carbamonyl) oxime (Aldicarb), S-methyl N-[methylcarbamonyl(oxy)]thioacetamine (lannate), chlorinated camphene, 67 percent octachlorocamphene (Toxaphene), tricalcium aresenate, sodium aluminun fluoride, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Plictran), and combinations thereof.

Claim 42

A process according to claim 39, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 43

A process according to claim 40, including adding crosslinking agents to said solution prior to ejection for reaction with said polymer, and including the step of adding an alkaline compound to said solution so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - and Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 44

A process according to claim 40, including adding an adhesive agent so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an inert target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 45

A process according to claim 42, wherein said adhesive agent is an alkyl ester having the formula ##STR19## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 46

A process according to claim 43, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

Claim 47

A process according to claim 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, or 44, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl acetate.

Claim 48

A process according to claim 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, or 44, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl ether.

Claim 49

A process according to claim 46, wherein said polyvinyl ether has two carbon atoms in the repeating group.

Claim 50

A process according to claim 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, or 44, wherein said polymer is said acrylic polymer or copolymer.

Claim 51

A process according to claim 48, wherein R 4 of said formulation is hydrogen or a alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein said R 5 of said formula is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and wherein the molecular weight of said polymer of said copolymer ranges from about 30,000 to about 300,000.

Claim 52

A process according to claim 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, or 44, wherein said polymer is said interpolymer salt.

Claim 53

A process according to claim 50, wherein in said interpolymer salt, n is 4, x is 10, y is 86, and z is 0.

Claim 54

A process according to claim 50, wherein in said interpolymer salt, n is 8, x is 17, y ix 52.5 and z is 22.5.

Claim 55

A process according to claim 50, wherein in said interpolymer salt, n is 8, x is 17, y is 75, and z is 0.

Claim 56

A process according to claim 23, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, or 44, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 57

A process according to claim 45, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 58

A process according to claim 46, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 59

A process according to claim 48, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 60

A process according to claim 50, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 61

A process according to claim 50, wherein in said interpolymer salt, n is 8, x is 17, y ix 37.5, and z is 37.5.

Claim 62

An in situ self-encapsulating polymericcontaining solution for concurrent and direct application to an earth target, comprising by weight, based upon the total weight of said solution from about 0.3 percent to about 25 percent of a polymer, from about 35 percent to about 99 percent of a solvent, and from about 1 percent to about 40 percent of a particle, said polymer selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyvinyl acetate, (b) a polyvinyl ether wherein said repeating unit has from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) an acrylic polymer or a copolymer made from monomers having the formula ##STR20## where R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (d) the salt of (1) an interpolymer having the structure ##STR21## wherein R and R 1 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; R 2 is a member of the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; R 3 is a member of the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; n represents from 3 to 12 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; x represents from 8 to 25 percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; y represents from 45 to 89 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; z represents from 0 to 44 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; the sum of the numerical value of n+x+y+z is always exactly 100 and the groups n, x, y and z are present in a heterogeneous relative position, and (2) a member of the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, a low boiling primary aliphatic amine and a low boiling secondary aliphatic amine, said salt being soluble in water in the pH range of from about 5 to 8; and (e) combinations thereof; said particle being soluble or dispersible in said solvent; said solvent being a compound in which said polymer is soluble; and a small amount of weight based upon the total weight of the solution of an adhesive agent so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an earth target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 63

An in situ self-encapsulating polymericcontaining solution for concurrent and direct application to an earth target, comprising by weight, based upon the total weight of said solution from about 0.3 percent to about 25 percent of a polymer, from about 35 percent to about 99 percent of a solvent, and from about 1 percent to about 40 percent of a particle, said polymer selected from the group consisting of (a) a polyvinyl acetate, (b) a polyvinyl ether wherein said repeating unit has from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) an acrylic polymer or a copolymer made from monomers having the formula ##STR20## where R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and R 5 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (d) the salt of (1) an interpolymer having the structure ##STR21## wherein R and R 1 are members of the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl; R 2 is a member of the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl; R 3 is a member of the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; n represents from 3 to 12 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; x represents from 8 to 25 percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; y represents from 45 to 89 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; z represents from 0 to 44 weight percent based on the combined weight of n, x, y and z; the sum of the numerical value of n+x+y+z is always exactly 100 and the groups n, x, y and z are present in a heterogeneous relative position, and (2) a member of the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, a low boiling primary aliphatic amine and a low boiling secondary aliphatic amine, said salt being soluble in water in the pH range of from about 5 to 8; and (e) combinations thereof; said particle being soluble or dispersible in said solvent; said solvent being a compound in which said polymer is soluble; and a small amount of weight based upon the total weight of the solution of an adhesive agent so that upon the in situ formation of an encapsulated particle from said solution and the concurrent and direct application of said encapsulated particle to an earth target, said adhesive agent improves the tackiness of said encapsulated particle to said target.

Claim 64

A solution according to claim 60, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl acetate ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said polyvinyl ether ranges from about 10,000 to about 100,000, wherein the molecular weight of said acrylic polymer or copolymer ranges from about 10,000 to about 600,000, and wherein the molecular weight of said interpolymer ranges from about 20,000 to about 1,000,000.

Claim 65

A solution according to claim 61, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 66

A solution according to claim 62, including crosslinking agents for reaction with said polymer upon ejection and including an alkaline compound so that the pH of said solution ranges from about 6.5 to about 8.0, said crosslinking agent being an alkaline earth salt, said alkaline earth salt selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, beryllium and magnesium, said anion portion of said salt selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide, hydroxide, nitrate, F - , Cl - , I - , Br - , the amount of said crosslinking agent ranging from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution and the amount of said alkaline compound ranging from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 67

A solution according to claim 62, wherein said adhesive agent has the formula ##STR22## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 68

A solution according to claim 61, wherein said particle is selected from the group consisting of an insecticide, a trace mineral, an acaricide, a nematicide, a molluscicide, a herbicide, a fungicide, a pheromone, an odorant, a fragrance, an attractant, a repellant, and combinations thereof.

Claim 69

A solution according to claim 65, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 70

A solution according to claim 66, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 71

A solution according to claim 67, wherein said adhesive agent has the formula ##STR23## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 72

A solution according to claim 68, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

Claim 73

A solution according to claim 65, wherein said trace mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, boric acid, sodium borate, sodium selenate, cobalt surface, sodium molybdate, manganese chloride, and combinations thereof; wherein said insecticide and said acaricide is selected from the group consisting of O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (Parathion), O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (Methyl parathion), O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (Sumithion), O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate (Diazinon), O,O-dimethyl-O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl]phosphorothioate (Fenthion), Pyrethrin-piperonyl butoxide, 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (Carbaryl), 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate (Baygon), 2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde-O-(methyl carbamonyl) oxime (Aldicarb), S-methyl N-[methylcarbamonyl(oxy)]thioacetamine (lannate), chlorinated camphene, 67 percent octachlorocamphene (Toxaphene), tricalcium aresenate, sodium aluminum fluoride, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Plictran), and combinations thereof; wherein said Nematicide is selected from the group consisting of O,O-diethyl-O-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorothioate (dichlofenthion), O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate (Ethoprop), and combinations thereof; wherein said molluscicide is selected from the group consisting of copper sulfate, n-tritylmorpholine (trifenmorph), tributyltin fluoride, sodium pentachlorophenate, and combinations thereof; wherein said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), alkylamine salts of 2,4-D, butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)priopionic acid (Silvex), 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben), 3,6-dichloro-O-anisic acid (Dicamba) 2,3,5-trichlorophenylacetic acid (Fenac), 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (Dichlobenil), N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamine (Randox) S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (Sutan), isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (chloropropham), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (Amitrole), 2-chloro-4,6-Bis(ethylamino)-isopropylamino-S-triazine (Atrazine), and combinations thereof; and, wherein said fungicide is selected from the class consisting of triphenyltin acetate, methyl-1-(butacarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate (Benomyl), and combinations thereof.

Claim 74

A solution according to claim 70, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, acetone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, methylene chloride, water, and combinations thereof.

Claim 75

A solution according to claim 71, wherein the amount of said polymer ranges from about 4 percent to about 13 percent by weight, wherein the amount of said solvent ranges from about 50 percent to about 90 percent by weight, and wherein the amount of said particle ranges from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight.

Claim 76

A solution according to claim 72, wherein said adhesive agent has the formula ##STR24## wherein R 1 and R 2 have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the amount of said adhesive agent ranges from about 0.01 to about 3 percent by weight based upon the total weight of said solution.

Claim 77

A solution according to claim 73, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.

Claim 78

A solution according to claims 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, or 73, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl acetate.

Claim 79

A solution according to claims 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, or 73, wherein said polymer is said polyvinyl ether.

Claim 80

A solution according to claim 76, wherein said polyvinyl ether has two carbon atoms in the repeating group.

Claim 81

A solution according to claims 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, or 73, wherein said polymer is said acrylic polymer or copolymer.

Claim 82

A solution according to claim 78, wherein R 4 of said formulation is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein said R 5 of said formula is hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and wherein the molecular weight of said polymer or said copolymer ranges from about 30,000 to 300,000.

Claim 83

A solution according to claims 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, or 73, wherein said polymer is said interpolymer.