US4277360A
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Manganese dioxide
Assignee: Edgewell Personal Care Brands LLC
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Filing: 1979-03-28
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Granted: 1981-07-07
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Expires: 1999-03-28
Abstract
Abstract A homogeneous manganese dioxide composition having on a microscopic scale domains of alpha and delta manganese dioxide is manufactured by reacting a manganese-oxygen containing composition with a sodium containing composition at elevated temperature followed by acid treatment.
Inventors
- 👤 Geoffrey W. Mellors
- 👤 Glenn W. Sheffield
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 22:20
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01G; C01G45/00; C01G45/02; C01G45/024; H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/48; H01M4/50; H01M4/502; C01P; C01P2002/00; C01P2002/70; C01P2002/72; C01P2002/74; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/60; C01P2004/61; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/12; C01P2006/19; C01P2006/40; C01P2006/80; C01P2006/82; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
235 words
A method for producing a manganese dioxide composition for use as a battery cathode depolarizer comprising homogeneous manganese dioxide having domains of alpha and delta manganese dioxide as determined by X-ray diffraction patterns showing, at an intensity of I/I of 10 or more, "d" lines with at least the following values: about 6.91 to about 7.27, about 4.90 to about 4.98, about 2.40 to about 2.46 and about 1.41 to about 1.43, and having a combined sodium content of about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis; and having sufficient electrochemical activity as a battery depolarizer according to the Kozawa and Powers test procedure to exhibit a voltage against a standard calomel electrode of at least +0.2 volt after a 30 milliamperehour discharge comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a sodium containing composition selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium oxide and mixtures thereof with a manganese-oxygen containing composition of a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 600° C., in the mole ratio of sodium to manganese in the range of from about 0.3:1.0 to about 4.0:1.0; and (b) treating the reaction product with an aqueous acid in a concentration and amount sufficient to decrease the sodium content of the final manganese dioxide composition to an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
235 words
A method for producing a manganese dioxide composition for use as a battery cathode depolarizer comprising homogeneous manganese dioxide having domains of alpha and delta manganese dioxide as determined by X-ray diffraction patterns showing, at an intensity of I/I of 10 or more, "d" lines with at least the following values: about 6.91 to about 7.27, about 4.90 to about 4.98, about 2.40 to about 2.46 and about 1.41 to about 1.43, and having a combined sodium content of about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis; and having sufficient electrochemical activity as a battery depolarizer according to the Kozawa and Powers test procedure to exhibit a voltage against a standard calomel electrode of at least +0.2 volt after a 30 milliamperehour discharge comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a sodium containing composition selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium oxide and mixtures thereof with a manganese-oxygen containing composition of a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 600° C., in the mole ratio of sodium to manganese in the range of from about 0.3:1.0 to about 4.0:1.0; and (b) treating the reaction product with an aqueous acid in a concentration and amount sufficient to decrease the sodium content of the final manganese dioxide composition to an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
57 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said manganese-oxygen containing composition is a mineral selected from the group consisting of pyrolusite, ramsdellite, nsutite, hollandite, cryptomelane, psilomelane, todorokite, chalcophanite, lithiophorite, birnessite, groutite, manganite, feitknechtite, pyrochroite, bixbyite, hausmannite, manganosite, rhodochrosite and mixtures thereof or a composition selected from the group consisting of manganese dioxide and manganese carbonate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
66 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said temperature is in the range of from about 280° C. to about 500° C., wherein said mole ratio of sodium to manganese is in the range of from about 0.5:1.0 to about 1.0:1.0 and wherein said sodium content is reduced to an amount in the range of from about 0.7 to about 1.25% by weight on a dry basis.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising the additional step of cooling the reaction product of step (a) prior to step (b).
Claim 6
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising the additional step of cooling the reaction product of step (a) prior to step (b).
Claim 7
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising the additional step of: (c) washing the acid treated product of step (b).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
122 words
A manganese dioxide composition for use as a battery cathode depolarizer comprising homogeneous manganese dioxide having domains of alpha and delta manganese dioxide as determined by X-ray diffraction patterns showing, at an intensity of I/I. of 10 or more, "d" lines with at least the following values: about 6.91 to about 7.27, about 4.90 to about 4.98, about 2.40 to about 2.46 and about 1.41 to about 1.43, and having a combined sodium content of about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis; and having sufficient electrochemical activity as a battery depolarizer according to the Kozawa and Powers test procedure to exhibit a voltage against a standard calomel electrode of at least +0.2 volt after a 30 milliamperehour discharge.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
122 words
A manganese dioxide composition for use as a battery cathode depolarizer comprising homogeneous manganese dioxide having domains of alpha and delta manganese dioxide as determined by X-ray diffraction patterns showing, at an intensity of I/I. of 10 or more, "d" lines with at least the following values: about 6.91 to about 7.27, about 4.90 to about 4.98, about 2.40 to about 2.46 and about 1.41 to about 1.43, and having a combined sodium content of about 0.1 to about 2.0% by weight on a dry basis; and having sufficient electrochemical activity as a battery depolarizer according to the Kozawa and Powers test procedure to exhibit a voltage against a standard calomel electrode of at least +0.2 volt after a 30 milliamperehour discharge.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein said composition has a sodium content in the range of from about 0.7 to about 1.25% by weight on a dry basis.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-07-06 | 1985-01-05 | 1985-07-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-07-06 | 1989-01-05 | 1989-07-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-07-06 | 1993-01-05 | 1993-07-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |