US4277357A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Heat or cold storage composition containing a hydrated hydraulic cement
Assignee: Boardman Energy Systems Inc
•
Filing: 1980-01-31
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Granted: 1981-07-07
•
Expires: 2000-01-31
Abstract
Abstract A polyphase composition for the storage of heat or cold utilizing the latent heat of fusion of a salt hydrate continuous phase intimately intermixed with a hydrated hydraulic cement continuous phase and wherein said continuous phases are optionally in contact with a discontinuous crystalline phase comprising a nucleating component and wherein the composition is enveloped, contained, or packaged within a vapor impermeable material.
Inventors
- 👤 Bryan J. Boardman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 20:33
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K5/00; F; F28; F28D; F28D20/00; F28D20/02; C04; C04B; C04B14/00; C09K5/02; C09K5/06; C09K5/063; F24; F24S; F24S60/00; F24S60/10; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E10/00; Y02E10/40; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 89
Claim 1
Independent Claim
51 words
A polyphase latent heat storage composition useful for the storage of heat or cold, comprising a latent heat storage component with a heat of fusion greater than 16 gram calories per gram (67 joules per gram) wherein said latent heat storage component is intimately intermixed with a hydrated hydraulic cement component.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
51 words
A polyphase latent heat storage composition useful for the storage of heat or cold, comprising a latent heat storage component with a heat of fusion greater than 16 gram calories per gram (67 joules per gram) wherein said latent heat storage component is intimately intermixed with a hydrated hydraulic cement component.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
the composition of claim 1 wherein the latent heat storage component comprises between 97 and 10 percent by weight of said composition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydrated hydraulic cement component is a hydrated portland cement.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydrated hydraulic cement component is a hydrated high alumina cement.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component comprises a single salt hydrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component comprises a mixture of salt hydrates.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is CaCl 2 .6H 2 O.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H 2 O.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Al(NO 3 ) 3 .8H 2 O.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .NaCl.10H 2 O.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .1/2NaCl.1/2NH 4 Cl.10H 2 O.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .NH 4 Cl.10H 2 O.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .KCl.10H 2 O.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Na 2 SO 4 .KNO 3 .10H 2 O.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is CaCl 2 -MgCl 2 .12H 2 O.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O-Al(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said latent heat storage component is Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O-Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .2H 2 O.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein a nucleating agent is included within said composition in a discontinuous phase.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition has discrete zones containing a nucleating agent.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein a thermal conductive material with a thermal conductivity value greater than the conductive value of the composition is interspersed throughout said composition.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition is enveloped within a vapor impermeable material.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein an admixture is included within said composition.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein said mixture of salt hydrates is a eutectic mixture.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claims 21 or 22 wherein said nucleating agent is borax.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claims 21 or 22 wherein said nucleating agent is a mixture of borax and interacted perlite-sodium silicate.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 23 wherein said thermal conductive material is metal fibers.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 24 wherein said vapor impermeable material is steel.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 24 wherein said vapor impermeable material is galvanized steel.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of claim 24 wherein said vapor impermeable material is a laminate of plastic film and metal foil.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 24 wherein said vapor impermeable material is a plastic.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 24 wherein said vapor impermeable material is a laminate of polypropylene film, aluminum foil, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is a salt of triethanolamine.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is vinsol resin.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is calcium chloride.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is alkali silicates.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
10 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is fluosilicates.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is alkali carbonates.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
10 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is triethanolamine.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is lignosulfonic acid.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is salts of lignosulfonic acid.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is hydroxylated carboxylic acid.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is salts of hydroxylated carboxylic acid.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground quartz.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground bentonite.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground limestone.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground hydrated lime.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground talc.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is natural cements.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is hydraulic limes.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is slag cements.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is granulated blast furnace slag.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is fly ash.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground volcanic glass.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground diatomaceous earth.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground shale.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground clays.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground opals and highly opaline rocks.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground brick.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground volcanic tuff.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 25 wherein said admixture is ground pumicite.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process for the manufacture of a polyphase latent heat storage composition which comprises: a. Mixing together anhydrous hydraulic cement, anhydrous latent heat storage precursor, and water, to form a suspension; b. Mixing said suspension with cooling until enough hydration of the hydraulic cement and latent heat storage precursor has taken place so that the suspended components will remain suspended when said mixing is stopped; c. Transferring said suspension into an open vapor impermeable container; d. Hermetically sealing said vapor impermeable container.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process for the manufacture of a polyphase latent heat storage composition which comprises: a. Mixing together anhydrous hydraulic cement, anhydrous latent heat storage precursor, and water, to form a suspension; b. Mixing said suspension with cooling until enough hydration of the hydraulic cement and latent heat storage precursor has taken place so that the suspended components will remain suspended when said mixing is stopped; c. Transferring said suspension into an open vapor impermeable container; d. Hermetically sealing said vapor impermeable container.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 64 wherein a portion of the water is substituted by ice thereby producing a controlled amount of salt hydrate crystals within the mix.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said hydraulic cement is a portland cement.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said hydraulic cement is a high alumina cement.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said latent heat storage precursor and water combine to form a single salt hydrate latent heat storage component.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said latent heat storage precursor and water combine to form a salt hydrate mixture latent heat storage component.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said latent heat storage precursor and water combine to form a salt hydrate eutectic mixture latent heat storage component.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
144 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said latent heat storage precursor and water combine to form a latent heat storage component selected from the group consisting of: CaCl 2 .6H 2 O Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H 2 O Al(NO 3 ) 3 .8H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .NaCl.10H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .1/2NaCl.1/2NH 4 Cl.10H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .NH 4 Cl-10H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .KCl.10H 2 O Na 2 SO 4 .KNO 3 .10H 2 O CaCl 2 -MgCl 2 .12H 2 O Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O-Al(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O; and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O-Mg(NO 3 ) 2 .2H 2 O.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 64 wherein a nucleating agent is included within the composition.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 64 wherein the hydrated equivalent of the anhydrous latent heat storage precursor comprises between 97 and 10 percent by weight of the composition.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 64 wherein an admixture is included within the mixture during Step "a" of said process.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 64 wherein a thermal conductive material with a thermal conductive value greater than the thermal conductive value of the composition is included within the mixture.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said vapor impermeable container is a plastic container.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 64 wherein aid vapor impermeable container is a steel container.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said vapor impermeable container is a galvanized steel container.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said vapor impermeable container is a laminate of plastic film and metal foil container.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 64 wherein said vapor impermeable container is a laminate of polypropylene film, aluminum foil, and polyethylene terephthalate.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 72 wherein said nucleating agent is included in the composition only after the suspension has hardened by packing the nucleating agent over the exposed surface of the latent heat storage composition so as to fill any empty space in the container before hermetically sealing and container.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 72 wherein said nucleating agent is included within the composition during the formation of the suspension.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
59 words
The process of claim 72 wherein the composition has discrete zones containing said nucleating agent, and wherein said discrete zones are formed in the composition after the suspension has hardened by boring or molding a hole into the exposed surface of the latent heat storage composition and filling said hole with a nucleating agent before hermetically sealing said container.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 72 wherein said nucleating agent is borax.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 72 wherein said nucleating agent is a mixture of borax and interacted perlite-sodium silicate.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
89 words
The process of claim 74 wherein said admixture is selected from the group consisting of: Salt of triethanolamine Vinsol resin Calcium chloride Alkali silicates Fluosilicates Alkali carbonates Triethanolamine Lignosulfonic acid Salts of lignosulfonic acid Hydroxylated carboxylic acid Salts of hydroxylated carboxylic acid Ground quartz Ground bentonite Ground limestone Ground hydrated lime Ground talc Natural cements Hydraulic limes Slag cements Granulated blast furnace slag Fly ash Ground volcanic glass Ground diatomaceous earth Ground shale Ground clays Ground opals and highly opaline rocks Ground brick Ground volcanic tuff; and Ground pumicite.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 75 wherein said thermal conductive material is metal fibers.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2677664A
Cited
DE2828086A1
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-07-06 | 1985-01-05 | 1985-07-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-07-06 | 1989-01-05 | 1989-07-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-07-06 | 1993-01-05 | 1993-07-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |