US4276381A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Preparation of immobilized enzymes of microorganisms
Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Filing: 1979-07-26
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Granted: 1981-06-30
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Expires: 1999-07-26
Abstract
Abstract Immobilized enzymes or microorganisms are prepared by dispersing lumps of ice containing an enzyme or microorganism in an organic solvent having a water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance dissolved therein, and then removing the organic solvent to entrap the ice lumps in the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance. Deactivation of the enzyme or microorganism by the organic solvent is prevented by the enzyme or microorganism being entrapped in the lumps of ice.
Inventors
- 👤 Akihiro Sakimae
- 👤 Hisao Onishi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 06:11
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12P; C12P19/00; C12P19/14; C12N; C12N1/00; C12N1/04; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12N11/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A process for preparing immobilized enzymes or microorganisms, which comprises dispersing lumps of ice containing an enzyme or a microorganism in an organic solvent having a water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance dissolved therein, at a temperature not higher than 0° C. wherein the organic solvent dissolves at least 0.1% by weight of the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance at a temperature of 0° C. or lower, and the removing the organic solvent thereby entrapping the ice lumps in the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A process for preparing immobilized enzymes or microorganisms, which comprises dispersing lumps of ice containing an enzyme or a microorganism in an organic solvent having a water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance dissolved therein, at a temperature not higher than 0° C. wherein the organic solvent dissolves at least 0.1% by weight of the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance at a temperature of 0° C. or lower, and the removing the organic solvent thereby entrapping the ice lumps in the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the organic solvent having the water-insoluble high molecular weight substance dissolved therein is removed under reduced pressure.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the organic solvent having the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance dissolved therein is removed with the use of a non-solvent for the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of any of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the lumps of ice containing the enzyme or microorganism are formed by freezing an aqueous solution containing the enzyme or microorganism in cooling medium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the cooling medium is a liquid substance having a solidifying point of 0° C. or lower.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the lumps of ice containing the enzyme or microorganism have a diameter of at most 1 mm.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance is a cellulose acetate or an ethyl cellulose.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the water-insoluble high-molecular weight substance is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic ester, polymethacrylic ester, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and a copolymer consisting of the monomers constituting these homopolymers.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-06-29 | 1984-12-29 | 1985-06-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-06-29 | 1988-12-29 | 1989-06-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-06-29 | 1992-12-29 | 1993-06-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |