US4272406A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Refractory metal oxide/silica supported nickel cluster catalyst
Assignee: Chevron USA Inc
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Filing: 1980-05-21
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Granted: 1981-06-09
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Expires: 2000-05-21
Abstract
Abstract A catalyst that is highly active at low operating temperatures and pressures in the oligomerization of lower olefins such as ethylene is produced by contacting (a) a refractory metal oxide/silica support such as alumina/silica wherein the silica content of the support is from about 2 to about 95 weight percent and the metal oxide content of the support is from about 5 to about 98 percent with (b) a tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl. When used to oligomerize ethylene, these catalysts are characterized by a relatively high reaction rate at moderate temperatures and pressures. Their use permits the production of relatively high proportions of desirable trimer, tetramer, pentamer, and higher olefinic products.
Inventors
- 👤 David L. Beach
- 👤 Thaddeus P. Kobylinski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 01:39
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J31/00; B01J31/16; B01J31/1616; B01J31/20; B01J31/22; B01J31/2282; B01J31/2295; C; C07; C07C; C07C2/00; C07C2/02; C07C2/04; C07C2/06; C07C2/08; C07C2/26; C07C2/32; C07C2/34; C07C5/00; C07C5/22; C07C5/23; C07C5/25; C07C5/2506; C07C5/2562; C07C5/2581; C07C5/2587; B01J21/00; B01J21/12; B01J2231/00; B01J2231/20; B01J2531/00; B01J2531/02; B01J2531/0202; B01J2531/0211; B01J2531/80; B01J2531/84; B01J2531/847; C07C2521/00; C07C2521/02; C07C2521/04; C07C2521/06; C07C2521/08; C07C2521/12; C07C2531/00; C07C2531/16; C07C2531/22; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50; Y02P20/52
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
50 words
A catalyst composition obtained by contacting (a) a refractory metal oxide/silica support wherein the silica content of said support is from about 2 to about 95 weight percent and the metal oxide content of said support is from about 5 to about 98 weight percent with (b) a tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
50 words
A catalyst composition obtained by contacting (a) a refractory metal oxide/silica support wherein the silica content of said support is from about 2 to about 95 weight percent and the metal oxide content of said support is from about 5 to about 98 weight percent with (b) a tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
50 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl has the structure: ##STR4## wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C 1 to C 20 hydrocarbon radicals and n, n' and n" can be the same or different integers of 0 to 5, inclusive.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
51 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 2 wherein the metal oxide component of said support has the formula M x O y , wherein M is aluminum, magnesium, zirconium or thorium, x is an integer of from 1 to 2 and y is an integer of from 1 to 3.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 3 wherein the metal oxide is alumina.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the silica content is from about 15 to about 92 weight percent and the metal oxide content is from about 10 to about 85 weight percent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the silica content is from about 80 to about 92 weight percent and the metal oxide content is from about 10 to about 20 weight percent.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the silica content is from about 15 to about 92 weight percent and the alumina content is from about 10 to about 85 weight percent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the silica content is from about 80 to about 92 weight percent and the alumina content is from about 10 to about 20 weight percent.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the silica content is about 87 weight percent and the alumina content is about 12 weight percent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the silica content is about 75 weight percent and the alumina content is about 25 weight percent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 2 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 3 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 4 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 5 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 6 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 7 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 8 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 9 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 10 wherein said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is defined by the chemical formula (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 3 Ni 3 (CO) 2 .
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said support is calcined, prior to said contact at a temperature from about 200° to about 800° C. for about one to about 24 hours.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
28 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said contact is conducted in the absence of air at a temperature of about 20° to about 200° C.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein a solution of said tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is contacted with said support.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 23 wherein said solution is a benzene solution.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 23 wherein said solution is a cyclohexane solution.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the nickel content is from about 0.001 to about five weight percent.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the nickel content is from about 0.05 to about two weight percent.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 wherein the nickel content is from about 0.001 to about five weight percent.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
21 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 wherein the nickel content is from about 0.05 to about two weight percent.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said contact is effected at a temperature from about 20° to about 200° C. for about 10 minutes to about 12 hours.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said contact is effected at a temperature from about 20° to about 100° C. for about 15 minutes to about one hour.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 wherein said contact is effected at a temperature from about 20° to about 200° C. for about 10 minutes to about 12 hours.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
31 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 wherein said contact is effected at a temperature from about 20° to about 100° C. for about 15 minutes to about one hour.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the solid tris(cyclopentadienyl)trinickel dicarbonyl is contacted with said support and a hydrocarbon solvent is then added.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 34 wherein said hydrocarbon solvent is benzene.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 34 wherein said hydrocarbon solvent is cyclohexane.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 which is thereafter activated or preactivated by heating at a temperature of about 70° to about 200° C. for about five minutes to about four hours.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 which is thereafter activated or preactivated by heating at a temperature of about 100° to about 170° C. for about twenty minutes to about one hour.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 which is thereafter activated or preactivated by heating at a temperature of about 70° to about 200° C. for about five minutes to about four hours.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
34 words
A catalyst composition as defined in claim 14 which is thereafter activated or preactivated by heating at a temperature of about 100° to about 170° C. for about twenty minutes to about one hour.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-06-08 | 1984-12-08 | 1985-06-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-06-08 | 1988-12-08 | 1989-06-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-06-08 | 1992-12-08 | 1993-06-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |