Catalytic reforming and hydrocracking of organic compounds employing promoted zinc titanate as the catalytic agent

Claim 2

A process for the catalytic reforming of a feedstock which contains at least one reformable organic compound comprising the step of contacting said feedstock under suitable reforming conditions with a catalyst composition comprising zinc, titanium and rhenium, in the presence of sufficient added hydrogen to substantially prevent the formation of coke.

Claim 3

A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said catalyst composition is a calcined catalyst composition and sufficient oxygen is present in said calcined catalyst composition to satisfy the valence requirements of said zinc, said titanium and said rhenium.

Claim 4

A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said zinc and said titanium are present in said calcined catalyst composition in the form of zinc titanate which is prepared by calcining a mixture of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in the presence of free oxygen at a temperature in the range of about 650° C. to about 1050° C.

Claim 5

A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the atomic ratio of zinc to titanium in said calcined catalyst composition is in the range of about 1:1 to about 3:1.

Claim 6

A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the atomic ratio of zinc to titanium in said calcined catalyst composition is in the range of about 1.8:1 to about 2.2:1.

Claim 7

A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the concentration of said rhenium in said calcined catalyst composition, expressed as an element, is in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the weight of said calcined catalyst composition.

Claim 8

A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the concentration of said rhenium in said calcined catalyst composition, expressed as an element, is in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent based on the weight of said calcined catalyst composition.

Claim 9

A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said at least one reformable organic compound is a gasoline range material having a normal boiling range between about 50° C. and about 205° C.

Claim 10

A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said suitable reforming conditions comprise a residence time for said feedstock in the presence of said catalyst composition of about 0.1 to about 10 liquid volumes of feedstock per unit volume of said catalyst composition per hour, a temperature in the range of about 427° C. to about 593° C., a pressure in the range of about 50 psig to about 700 psig, and a hydrogen flow rate suitable to provide about 0.5 mole to about 20 moles of hydrogen per mole of said feedstock.

Claim 11

A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said suitable reforming conditions comprise a residence time for said feedstock in the presence of said catalyst composition of about 0.5 to about 5 liquid volumes of feedstock per unit volume of said catalyst composition per hour, a temperature in the range of about 510° C. to about 566° C., a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 500 psig, and a hydrogen flow rate suitable to provide about 2 moles to about 10 moles of hydrogen per mole of said feedstock.

Claim 12

A process in accordance with claim 1 additionally comprising the steps of: discontinuing the flow of said feedstock over said catalyst composition; and contacting said catalyst composition, after the flow of said feedstock is discontinued, with a free oxygen-containing fluid under suitable regeneration conditions to thereby regenerate said catalyst composition.

Claim 13

A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said suitable regeneration conditions comprise a regeneration time of about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes; a flow rate of said free oxygen-containing fluid suitable to provide sufficient oxygen to remove substantially all carbonaceous material deposited on said catalyst composition, a temperature in the range of about 427° C. to about 593° C., and a pressure in the range of about 50 psig to about 700 psig.

Claim 14

A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said suitable regeneration conditions comprise a regeneration time of about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes; a flow rate of said free oxygen-containing fluid suitable to provide sufficient oxygen to remove substantially all carbonaceous material deposited on said catalyst composition, a temperature in the range of about 510° C. to about 566° C., and a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 15

A process in accordance with claim 11 additionally comprising the step of purging said catalyst composition with an inert fluid after the step of terminating the flow of said feedstock and before the step of regenerating said catalyst composition.

Claim 16

A process in accordance with claim 11 additionally comprising the steps of: terminating the flow of said free oxygen-containing fluid over said catalyst composition after said catalyst composition is substantially regenerated; purging said catalyst composition with an inert fluid after the flow of said free oxygen-containing fluid is terminated; terminating the flow of said inert fluid over said catalyst composition after said free oxygen-containing fluid is substantially purged from said catalyst composition; and recontacting said catalyst composition with said feedstock after the flow of said inert fluid is terminated.

Claim 17

A process for the catalytic hydrocracking of a feedstock which contains at least one hydrocrackable organic compound comprising the step of contacting said feedstock under suitable hydrocracking conditions with a catalyst composition comprising zinc, titanium and rhenium, in the presence of sufficient added hydrogen to substantially prevent the formation of coke.

Claim 18

A process for the catalytic hydrocracking of a feedstock which contains at least one hydrocrackable organic compound comprising the step of contacting said feedstock under suitable hydrocracking conditions with a catalyst composition comprising zinc, titanium and rhenium, in the presence of sufficient added hydrogen to substantially prevent the formation of coke.

Claim 19

A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said catalyst composition is a calcined catalyst composition and sufficient oxygen is present in said calcined catalyst composition to satisfy the valence requirements of said zinc, said titanium and said rhenium.

Claim 20

A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said zinc and said titanium are present in said calcined catalyst composition in the form of zinc titanate which is prepared by calcining a mixture of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in the presence of free oxygen at a temperature in the range of about 650° C. to about 1050° C.

Claim 21

A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the atomic ratio of zinc to titanium in said calcined catalyst composition is in the range of about 1:1 to about 3:1.

Claim 22

A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the atomic ratio of zinc to titanium in said calcined catalyst composition is in the range of about 1.8:1 to about 2.2:1.

Claim 23

A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the concentration of said rhenium in said calcined catalyst composition, expressed as an element, is in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the weight of said calcined catalyst composition.

Claim 24

A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the concentration of said rhenium in said calcined catalyst composition, expressed as an element, is in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent based on the weight of said calcined catalyst composition.

Claim 25

A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said at least one hydrocrackable organic compound is a gas oil having a normal boiling range between about 205° C. and about 535° C.

Claim 26

A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said suitable hydrocracking conditions comprise a residence time for said feedstock in the presence of said catalyst composition of about 0.1 to about 10 liquid volumes of feedstock per unit volume of said catalyst composition per hour, a temperature in the range of about 427° C. to about 593° C., a pressure in the range of about 50 psig to about 700 psig, and a hydrogen flow rate suitable to provide about 0.5 mole to about 20 moles of hydrogen per mole of said feedstock.

Claim 27

A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein said suitable hydrocracking conditions comprise a residence time for said feedstock in the presence of said catalyst composition of about 0.5 to about 5 liquid volumes of feedstock per unit volume of said catalyst composition per hour, a temperature in the range of about 510° C. to about 566° C., a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 500 psig, and a hydrogen flow rate suitable to provide about 2 moles to about 10 moles of hydrogen per mole of said feedstock.

Claim 28

A process in accordance with claim 16 additionally comprising the steps of: discontinuing the flow of said feedstock over said catalyst composition; and contacting said catalyst composition, after the flow of said feedstock is discontinued, with a free oxygen-containing fluid under suitable regeneration conditions to thereby regenerate said catalyst composition.

Claim 29

A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein said suitable regeneration conditions comprise a regeneration time of about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes; a flow rate of said free oxygen-containing fluid suitable to provide sufficient oxygen to remove substantially all carbonaceous material deposited on said catalyst composition, a temperature in the range of about 427° C. to about 593° C., and a pressure in the range of about 50 psig to about 700 psig.

Claim 30

A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein said suitable regeneration conditions comprise a regeneration time of about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes; a flow rate of said free oxygen-containing fluid suitable to provide sufficient oxygen to remove substantially all carbonaceous material deposited on said catalyst composition, a temperature in the range of about 510° C. to about 566° C., and a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 500 psig.

Claim 31

A process in accordance with claim 26 additionally comprising the step of purging said catalyst composition with an inert fluid after the step of terminating the flow of said feedstock and before the step of regenerating said catalyst composition.

Claim 32

A process in accordance with claim 26 additionally comprising the steps of: terminating the flow of said free oxygen-containing fluid over said catalyst composition after said catalyst composition is substantially regenerated; purging said catalyst composition with an inert fluid after the flow of said free oxygen-containing fluid is terminated; terminating the flow of said inert fluid over said catalyst composition after said free oxygen-containing fluid is substantially purged from said catalyst composition; and recontacting said catalyst composition with said feedstock after the flow of said inert fluid is terminated.