US4260939A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Low cost electromechanical electronic simulation circuits
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1978-08-07
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Granted: 1981-04-07
•
Expires: 1998-08-07
Abstract
Abstract These circuits produce light, sound and similar effects in models or toys by taking advantage of current modulation produced in a commutator circuit of a two-pole motor which may be used to provide motion for at least a part of the model or toy incorporating one of the circuits. At least one additional effect-producing circuit element in addition to the motor is electrically connected to the commutator circuit. A battery or other means for applying sufficient electromotive force to the commutator for operation of the motor is electrically connected to the commutator circuit. When the additional effect-producing element is parallel to the commutator circuit, the battery supplies an insufficient amount of electromotive force to allow both the motor and the additional effect-producing circuit element to operate in their maximum current-drawing condition at the same time. A sufficient amount of electromotive force is supplied to allow either alone to operate in its maximum current-drawing condition. As a result, alternate making and breaking of connections to the commutator elements as the armature of the motor rotates produces a regular variation in the current supplied to the parallel additional effect-producing circuit element. A similar effect is produced with the additional effect-producing element in series with the commutator circuit regardless of the amount of electromotive force supplied by the battery. This modulation produces flashing or flickering of lights or sound effects, if a sound-producing element is employed as the additional effect-producing circuit element. These effects simulate the results obtainable with more complex electronic circuits.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Knauff
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 05:20
CPC Classifications
A; A63; A63H; A63H19/00; A63H19/02; A63H19/14; A63H17/00; A63H17/26; A63H17/32; A63H17/34
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
106 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: a two-pole armature and commutator motor having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for applying sufficient electromotive force through said commutator and to said armature for operation of said motor, and electrically connected to said motor in a commutator circuit, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected to said commutator circuit, the switching effect of said two-pole armature and commutator motor serving to produce pulsed modulation of the electromotive force supplied to said effect-producing circuit element to produce observable variation in effect thereby.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
106 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: a two-pole armature and commutator motor having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for applying sufficient electromotive force through said commutator and to said armature for operation of said motor, and electrically connected to said motor in a commutator circuit, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected to said commutator circuit, the switching effect of said two-pole armature and commutator motor serving to produce pulsed modulation of the electromotive force supplied to said effect-producing circuit element to produce observable variation in effect thereby.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The circuit of claim 1, wherein said effect-producing circuit element varies between a high effect output condition and a low effect ouput condition by operation of the circuit.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The circuit of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said effect-producing circuit element is an incandescent resistance lamp.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
The circuit of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said effect-producing circuit element is a light-emitting diode.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
The circuit of claim 1, additionally comprising means for selectively altering relative distribution of the electromotive force between the motor circuit and said effect-producing circuit element and an additional effect-producing circuit including a light-producing circuit element.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
41 words
The circuit of any one of claims 1 and 5, additionally comprising a switch operated by a cam mounted on a shaft rotated by said motor to connect and disconnect a second light-producing circuit element from said electromotive force applying means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
99 words
The circuit of claim 6, additionally comprising a third light-producing circuit element in series with said second light-producing circuit element, said third light-producing circuit element remaining connected to said electromotive force applying means when said cam rotated switch disconnects said second light-producing circuit element from said electromotive force applying means, said electromotive force applying means supplying an insufficient amount of electromotive force to allow both the second and the third light-producing circuit elements to operate in their maximum current drawing condition, but sufficient to allow said third light-producing circuit element alone to operate in its full current drawing condition.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The circuit of claim 1, wherein said effect-producing circuit element is a loudspeaker.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
The circuit of claim 8, additionally comprising means for varying the amount of electromotive force supplied to said motor and loudspeaker in incremental steps, the variation in the amount of electromotive force so applied producing a sound simulating the noise produced by an engine of a vehicle during gear shifting.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The circuit of claim 9, wherein said varying means comprises a plurality of diodes series connected to said electromotive force applying means and said motor, and a plurality of switches for selectively bypassing said diodes.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The circuit of claim 8, additionally comprising a muting capacitor parallel with said loudspeaker.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The circuit of claim 9, additionally comprising a siren mechanically connected to said motor, operation of said motor with varying electromotive force producing a siren sound.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
36 words
The circuit of claim 1, wherein at least one additional effect-producing circuit element is electrically connected to the commutator circuit for producing a variation in the effect produced by said at least one effect-producing circuit element.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
46 words
The circuit of claim 13, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is series connected in the commutator circuit, the on-off switching of the commutator as it rotated interrupting the circuit path including both said at least one effect-producing circuit element and said additional effect-producing circuit element.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The circuit of claim 14, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is a light-producing circuit element.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
The circuit of claim 14, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is a sound-producing circuit element.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
45 words
The circuit of claim 16, wherein said sound-producing circuit element is a buzzer connected in two alternate circuit means and one of which causes said buzzer to operate as a clicker, said circuit additionally including a switch for selecting one of the alternate circuit means.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
40 words
The circuit of claim 13, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is connected in parallel with the commutator circuit, flow of current in the commutator circuit reducing current supplied to said additional effect-producing circuit element to produce a noticable variation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The circuit of claim 18, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is a light-producing circuit element.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
The circuit of claim 18, wherein said additional effect-producing circuit element is a sound-producing circuit element.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
119 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: a two-pole armature and commutator motor having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for applying sufficient electromotive force through said commutator and to said armature for operation of said motor, and electrically connected to said motor in a commutator circuit, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected parallel to said commutator circuit, said electromotive force applying means supplying an insufficient amount of electromotive force to allow both said motor and said effect-producing circuit element to operate in their maximum power drawing condition, and sufficient to allow either alone to operate in its maximum power drawing condition.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
119 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: a two-pole armature and commutator motor having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for applying sufficient electromotive force through said commutator and to said armature for operation of said motor, and electrically connected to said motor in a commutator circuit, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected parallel to said commutator circuit, said electromotive force applying means supplying an insufficient amount of electromotive force to allow both said motor and said effect-producing circuit element to operate in their maximum power drawing condition, and sufficient to allow either alone to operate in its maximum power drawing condition.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The circuit of claim 21, wherein said effect-producing circuit element is a light-producing circuit element.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The circuit of claim 21, wherein said effect-producing circuit element is a sound-producing circuit element.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
130 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: first and second two-pole armature and commutator motors and each having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for adjustably applying sufficiently relative amounts of electromotive force through the commutators and to the armatures of and for the operation of each of said motors, and electrically connected to each of said motor armature circuits respectively, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected to the commutator of at least one of said motors, operation of at least one of said motors serving to produce sufficient modulation of electromotive force supplied through the commutator switch effect thereof to produce noticable variation in the effect produced by said effect-producing circuit element.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
130 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: first and second two-pole armature and commutator motors and each having an on-off switching effect and for producing motion of at least a portion of said model, means for adjustably applying sufficiently relative amounts of electromotive force through the commutators and to the armatures of and for the operation of each of said motors, and electrically connected to each of said motor armature circuits respectively, and at least one effect-producing circuit element electrically connected to the commutator of at least one of said motors, operation of at least one of said motors serving to produce sufficient modulation of electromotive force supplied through the commutator switch effect thereof to produce noticable variation in the effect produced by said effect-producing circuit element.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
38 words
The circuit of claim 24, additionally comprising a balancing network wherein a said effect-producing circuit element is a resistance element connected in series to the commutator of each of said motors and with a variable resistance connected therebetween.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
The circuit of claim 24, wherein said at least one effect-producing circuit element is series connected to the commutator of either of said motors.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The circuit of claim 24, wherein said at least one additional effect-producing circuit element is connected in parallel with the commutators of said motors.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
The circuit of claim 27, wherein a first and second effect-producing circuit element are each series connected to the commutators of said first and second motors.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The circuit of claim 28, wherein at least one of said effect-producing circuit elements is a light-producing circuit element.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
19 words
The circuit of claim 29, wherein at least one of said effect-producing circuit elements is a sound-producing circuit element.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The circuit of claim 24, wherein at least one light-producing circuit element is included as one of said additional effect-producing circuit elements.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
The circuit of claim 31, wherein at least one sound-producing circuit element is included as one of said additional effect-producing circuit elements.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
106 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: an electromotive force means in an effect-producing circuit, a first effect-producing circuit element having a voltage responsive switching means for intermittently conducting electromotive force therethrough and responsive to said voltage to apply its effect to said model, and at least one second effect-producing circuit element electrically connected is series with the said first effect-producing circuit element and responsive to said voltage to apply its effect to said model, response of the said first effect-producing circuit element serving to intermittently respond the at least one second effect-producing circuit element so as to produce variation in effect thereby.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
106 words
A circuit for producing effects in a model, which comprises: an electromotive force means in an effect-producing circuit, a first effect-producing circuit element having a voltage responsive switching means for intermittently conducting electromotive force therethrough and responsive to said voltage to apply its effect to said model, and at least one second effect-producing circuit element electrically connected is series with the said first effect-producing circuit element and responsive to said voltage to apply its effect to said model, response of the said first effect-producing circuit element serving to intermittently respond the at least one second effect-producing circuit element so as to produce variation in effect thereby.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The effect producing circuit as set forth in claim 33, wherein there is a plurality of second effect-producing circuit elements connected in series with the said first effect-producing circuit element.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
28 words
The effect producing circuit as set forth in claim 33, wherein there are parallel second effect-producing circuit elements connected in series with the said first effect-producing circuit element.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-04-06 | 1984-10-06 | 1985-04-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-04-06 | 1988-10-06 | 1989-04-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-04-06 | 1992-10-06 | 1993-04-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |