Method of dispersing, emulsifying materials with phosphoric acid esters

Claim 3

The method of claim 1, wherein the substance to be dispersed is a dyestuff or pigment.

Claim 4

The method of claim 1 wherein the phosphoric acid ester is prepared from (a) a polyhydric, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic alcohol which has 2 to 26 C atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, amino or sulpho; and/or (b) a polyhydric alcohol which is formed by etherifying one or more of said polyhydric alcohols with one another or by ethoxylating and/or propoxylating one or more of said polyhydric alcohols; and/or (c) a 1,2-epoxide or 1,3-epoxide; and (d) optionally a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acid which has 2 to 26 C atoms and contains at least two COOH groups, and optionally contains hydroxyl, ether, halogen, amino, sulpho, or phosphonic acid groups, and functional derivatives thereof; and (e) phosphoric acid or its anhydrides, halides or oxyhalides.

Claim 5

The method of claim 3 wherein the ester is prepared in the presence of a reducing agent.

Claim 6

The method of claim 3 wherein the ester is prepared during a reaction time of up to 48 hours.

Claim 7

The method of claim 3, wherein the phosphoric acid ester is a polyester of the formula: ##STR10## wherein R is a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion, or an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal ion, or ammonium of the formula ##STR11## wherein R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 14 -alkyl which can be substituted by hydroxyl, or phenyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, which can be substituted by methyl in the phenyl ring; and R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; A is C 1 -C 10 -alkylene, C 2 -C 10 -alkenylene or alkinylene, or a phenylene, biphenylene, cyclohexylene or norbornenylene radical; and the quantities s, t, u, v and w indicate the ratios of the number of mols, with the following provisos:

Claim 8

s is 2/3 (t+u) to 3/2 (t+u); 2. v is equal to or greater than (2t+3u)-(2s); 3. the structural elements (2) are not linked directly with (3) or to one another; 4. one or more structural elements (3) can be linked in a pyrophosphate-like manner; 5. the structural elements (3) are in the form of monoesters, diesters or triesters; 6. two structural elements (1) are always linked to one another via a structural element (2) and/or (3); 7. the radicals R belong to a structural element (2) and/or (3); 8. the radicals O--R are bonded to a structural element (1); and 9. w is between 0 and 2/3 s.

Claim 9

s is 2/3 (t+u) to 3/2 (t+u); 2. v is equal to or greater than (2t+3u)-(2s); 3. the structural elements (2) are not linked directly with (3) or to one another; 4. one or more structural elements (3) can be linked in a pyrophosphate-like manner; 5. the structural elements (3) are in the form of monoesters, diesters or triesters; 6. two structural elements (1) are always linked to one another via a structural element (2) and/or (3); 7. the radicals R belong to a structural element (2) and/or (3); 8. the radicals O--R are bonded to a structural element (1); and 9. w is between 0 and 2/3 s.

Claim 10

The method of claim 6, wherein the phosphoric acid ester is an ester of the formula: ##STR12## wherein R represents --B--X; wherein X represents OH, ##STR13## or --O--CO--A--COO--Y and Y denotes hydrogen, ##STR14## or --B--OH; and R 4 represents R or R 3 .

Claim 11

The method of claim 3 wherein the phosphoric acid ester is prepared from an alcohol of the formula HO--B--OH wherein B denotes an alkylene or alkenylene radical with 2 to 10 C atoms, which can be substituted by 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups and/or can be interrupted by Z--N< wherein Z is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH; and/or can be interrupted by ##STR15## wherein Z' is SO 2 or C 1 -C 3 -alkylene; and/or can be interrupted by one of the isomeric phenylene or cyclohexylene radicals; or B is an isomeric cyclohexylene radical or a radical of the formula ##STR16## wherein Z 2 is H or CH 3 ; and n is 50; and/or 1,2-epoxides or 1,3-epoxides, and optionally a carboxylic acid of the formula HOOC--A--COOH or its anhydride, acid halide or ester, wherein A represents alkylene with 1 to 10 C atoms, alkenylene or alkinylene with 2 to 10 C atoms or an isomeric phenylene, biphenylene, cyclohexylene or norbornenylene radical, which can be substituted by C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, sulphone or phosphonic acid groups, and phosphoric acid, its anhydrides, halides or oxyhalides.

Claim 12

The method of claim 1 wherein a polycarboxylic acid reactant is employed in addition to the phosphoric acid.