US4253900A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of making novel two component bipolar ion exchange membranes
Assignee: Marmon Industrial Water LLC
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Filing: 1977-02-28
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Granted: 1981-03-03
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Expires: 1997-02-28
Abstract
Abstract Superior bipolar membranes are prepared having high performances. The improvement is achieved by (1) using high performance component ion exchange membranes, and (2) controlling the method of joining two component membranes into a bipolar membrane. The method of preparation of high performance component ion exchange membranes is also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Gerald J. Dege
- 👤 Frederick P. Chlanda
- 👤 Lester T. C. Lee
- 👤 Kang-Jen Liu
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 19:46
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D61/00; B01D61/42; B01D61/44; B01D61/445; C; C09; C09J; C09J5/00; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/25; Y10T428/254
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
301 words
A process for manufacturing a high performance composite bipolar membrane which comprises substantially uniformly impregnating one side of (a) a component polymeric strongly acidic cationic exchange membrane consisting essentially of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition wherein the polystyrene content of the component strongly acidic cationic membrane ranges from 15 to 50 percent by weight and wherein the cross-linking content of the component strongly acidic cationic membrane is equivalent to that produced by a divinylbenzene-styrene swelling solution containing from 1 to 20 weight percent of divinylbenzene and chemically treating the polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition such that the aromatic nuclei in the composition are chemically functionalized with strongly acidic cationic exchange groups and one side of (b) a component polymeric strongly basic anionic exchange membrane consisting essentially of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition wherein the polystyrene content of the component strongly basic anionic membrane ranges from 15 to 50 percent by weight and wherein the cross-linking content of the component strongly basic anionic membrane is equivalent to that produced by a divinylbenzene-styrene swelling solution containing from 1 to 20 weight percent of divinylbenzene and chemically treating the polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition such that the aromatic nuclei in the composition are chemically functionalized with strongly basic anionic exchange groups with (c) a strongly basic anionic or strongly acidic cationic ion exchange resin or a mixture thereof, and having a resin particle size not greater than about 40 microns, dispersed in (d) an organic solvent liquid which is at least a partial solvent for said component membranes (a) and (b) and at least a partial solvent for said ion exchange resin (c), sandwiching said ion exchange resin between said component membranes and fusing said component membranes to form a unitary composite bipolar membrane having a potential drop of no more than about 2 volts at a current density of 72 amp/ft 2 .
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
301 words
A process for manufacturing a high performance composite bipolar membrane which comprises substantially uniformly impregnating one side of (a) a component polymeric strongly acidic cationic exchange membrane consisting essentially of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition wherein the polystyrene content of the component strongly acidic cationic membrane ranges from 15 to 50 percent by weight and wherein the cross-linking content of the component strongly acidic cationic membrane is equivalent to that produced by a divinylbenzene-styrene swelling solution containing from 1 to 20 weight percent of divinylbenzene and chemically treating the polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition such that the aromatic nuclei in the composition are chemically functionalized with strongly acidic cationic exchange groups and one side of (b) a component polymeric strongly basic anionic exchange membrane consisting essentially of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition wherein the polystyrene content of the component strongly basic anionic membrane ranges from 15 to 50 percent by weight and wherein the cross-linking content of the component strongly basic anionic membrane is equivalent to that produced by a divinylbenzene-styrene swelling solution containing from 1 to 20 weight percent of divinylbenzene and chemically treating the polystyrene-divinylbenzene-polyolefin composition such that the aromatic nuclei in the composition are chemically functionalized with strongly basic anionic exchange groups with (c) a strongly basic anionic or strongly acidic cationic ion exchange resin or a mixture thereof, and having a resin particle size not greater than about 40 microns, dispersed in (d) an organic solvent liquid which is at least a partial solvent for said component membranes (a) and (b) and at least a partial solvent for said ion exchange resin (c), sandwiching said ion exchange resin between said component membranes and fusing said component membranes to form a unitary composite bipolar membrane having a potential drop of no more than about 2 volts at a current density of 72 amp/ft 2 .
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the component polymeric ion exchange membranes is polystyrene-divinylbenzenepolyethylene composition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the component polymeric ion exchange membranes is polystyrene-divinylbenzenepolypropylene composition.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the component polymeric ion exchange membranes is polystyrene-divinylbenzenepolyethylene-polypropylene copolymer composition.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein at least one of the component polymeric ion exchange membranes is polystyrene-divinylbenzenepolytrifluoro chloroethylene composition.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1 wherein (d) the organic solvent liquid is selected from the group consisting of methanol and dimethyl formamide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
69 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the ion exchange resin comprises particles not greater than about 40 microns, possessing a controlled particle size distribution, and wherein a particularly closely packed approximately mono-bead layer results from the combination in approximately a 50/50 mixture of a relatively broad particle size distribution cationic exchange resin of about 4-40 microns, with a narrow particle size distribution anionic exchange resin of about 7-14 microns.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the resin is applied to one surface of each of the membranes prior to fusion, as a slurry.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
102 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the resin inserted between the anionic and cationic exchange membranes is in the form of a milled and pressed film having a composition composed of about 75% by weight of uniformly dispersed resin selected from the group consisting of anionic and cationic exchange resin and mixtures thereof having a particle size not in excess of about 40 microns, with about 25% by weight of a polyolefin, and whereby said film enclosed in membranes (a) and (b) is fused under heat and pressure to a unitary bipolar membrane having a continuous layer of resin at its interface.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the anionic and cationic component membranes are fused together, with the resin in between, by means of a hydraulic press for about 0.5 to 5 minutes at 130°-170° C. and from 1000-6000 psi.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the anionic and cationic component membranes range from 0.5 to 20 mils thick.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-03-02 | 1984-09-01 | 1985-03-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-03-02 | 1988-09-01 | 1989-03-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-03-02 | 1992-09-01 | 1993-03-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |