Dyeing assistants and their use in dyeing synthetic fibre material

Claim 2

A dyeing assistant which comprises at least (a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydronaphthalene or a mixture thereof, (b) an anionic surfactant and (c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent.

Claim 3

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, which additionally comprises as component (d), a polar solvent.

Claim 4

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, which additionally comprises as component (e), a non-ionic surfactant.

Claim 5

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, which additionally comprises (d) a polar solvent and (e) a non-ionic surfactant.

Claim 6

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, wherein component (a) is an alkylbenzene.

Claim 7

A dyeing assistant according to claim 5, wherein the alkylbenzene (a) is a benzene compound which is substituted with methyl, ethyl or a mixture thereof.

Claim 8

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is an anionic surfactant of the formula ##STR19## wherein Q is R 1 --O--, R 2 --CO--O-- or R 3 --N<, R 1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, o-phenylphenyl or alkylphenyl containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, R 2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R 3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, one of Y 1 and Y 2 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl and the other is hydrogen, X is the acid radical of an inorganic oxygen-containing acid or of a dicarboxylic acid or is the radical --CH 2 COOH, m is 1 to 50, and q is 1 or, if Q is R 3 --N<, q is 2, with the proviso that the two substituents at the nitrogen atom are the same or different.

Claim 9

A dyeing assistant according to claim 7, wherein component (b) is an anionic surfactant of the formula ##STR20## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Y 1 , Y 2 , X and m are as defined in claim 7 and r and s are integers, the sum of which is 2 to 15.

Claim 10

A dyeing assistant according to claim 8, wherein component (b) is an anionic surfactant of the formula (2), wherein R 1 is alkylphenyl containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, o-phenylphenyl, or alkyl or alkenyl, each containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and m is 2 to 15.

Claim 11

A dyeing assistant according to claim 9, wherein component (b) is an anionic surfactant of the formula ##STR21## wherein R 4 is octyl or nonyl, m 1 is 2 to 10, X 1 is derived from sulfuric acid or orthophosphoric acid, and the surfactant is in the form of the free acid or the sodium or ammonium salt.

Claim 12

A dyeing assistant according to claim 8, wherein component (b) is an anionic surfactant of the formula (4), wherein R 3 is alkenyl or alkyl, each of 16 to 22 carbon atoms, each of Y 1 and Y 2 is hydrogen, the sum of r and s is 2 to 10, X is --SO 3 M and M is sodium or --NH 4 .

Claim 13

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, wherein component (c) is an aliphatic water-immiscible solvent.

Claim 14

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, wherein component (c) is n-amyl alcohol or paraffin oil.

Claim 15

A dyeing assistant according to claim 2, wherein component (d) is water, isopropanol, β-ethoxyethanol or diacetone alcohol.

Claim 16

A dyeing assistant according to claim 3, wherein component (e) is a non-ionic alkylene oxide adduct of 1 to 100 moles of alkylene oxide with 1 mole of an aliphatic monoalcohol containing at least 8 carbon atoms, of a trivalent to hexavalent aliphatic alcohol containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms, of a phenol which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, or a fatty acid containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Claim 17

A dyeing assistant according to claim 15, wherein component (e) is a non-ionic surfactant of the formula ##STR22## wherein R 5 is alkyl or alkenyl, each containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, o-phenylphenyl or alkylphenyl containing 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, one of Z 1 and Z 2 is hydrogen and the other is methyl, z is 1 to 15 and the sum of n 1 +n 2 is 5 to 10.

Claim 18

A dyeing assistant according to claim 3, wherein component (e) is used together with component (b) of the formula (2) or (5).

Claim 19

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, which additionally contains, as component (f), a fatty acid salt of a polyvalent metal.

Claim 20

A dyeing assistant according to claim 1, which additionally contains a carrier.

Claim 21

A dyeing assistant according to claim 2, which contains 30 to 80% by weight of component (a), 5 to 30% by weight of component (b), 5 to 20 % by weight of component (c), 5 to 40% by weight of component (d) and 0 to 10% by weight of component (e), this amounts being based in each case on the weight of the entire assistant.

Claim 22

A dyeing assistant according to claim 20, which contains 3 to 10% by weight of component (e), based on the weight of the entire assistant.

Claim 23

A dyeing assistant according to claim 18, which additionally contains 0.2 to 5% by weight of a fatty acid salt of a polyvalent metal, based on the weight of the entire assistant.

Claim 24

A dyeing assistant according to claim 19, which additionally contains 5 to 30% by weight of a carrier, based on the weight of the entire assistant.

Claim 25

A process for dyeing synthetic fibre material with cationic or disperse dyes, which comprises dyeing said material in the presence of a dyeing assistant which comprises at least (a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydroaphthalene, or a mixture thereof (b) an anionic surfactant, (c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent, and optionally, (d) a polar solvent and/or (e) a non-ionic surfactant.

Claim 26

A process for dyeing synthetic fibre material with cationic or disperse dyes, which comprises dyeing said material in the presence of a dyeing assistant which comprises at least (a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydroaphthalene, or a mixture thereof (b) an anionic surfactant, (c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent, and optionally, (d) a polar solvent and/or (e) a non-ionic surfactant.

Claim 27

A process according to claim 24 which comprises dyeing polyacrylonitrile fibres, acid modified polyester fibres or aromatic polyamide fibres with cationic dyes.

Claim 28

A process according to claim 24 which comprises dyeing polyester fibres with disperse dyes.

Claim 29

A process according to claim 24, wherein the dyebath additionally contains an anionic dispersant.

Claim 30

A process according to claim 24, whereing the dyebath contains 0.5 to 6% by weight of dyeing assistant, based on the weight of the fibre material.

Claim 31

A process to claim 24, wherein dyeing is carried out in the temperature range from 80° to 130° C.

Claim 32

A process according to claim 29, wherein dyeing is carried out in the temperature range from 80° to 98° C.

Claim 33

A process according to claim 29, wherein the dyeing of polyester fibre is carried out in the temperature range from 110° to 130° C.

Claim 34

A dyebath for dyeing synthetic fibre material which comprises least one cationic or disperse dye and a dyeing assistant containing at least (a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydronaphthalene, or a mixture thereof, (b) an anionic surfactant, (c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent and optionally also (d) a polar solvent and/or (e) a non-ionic surfactant.

Claim 35

A dyebath for dyeing synthetic fibre material which comprises least one cationic or disperse dye and a dyeing assistant containing at least (a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydronaphthalene, or a mixture thereof, (b) an anionic surfactant, (c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent and optionally also (d) a polar solvent and/or (e) a non-ionic surfactant.