US4245909A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Optical instrument for measurement of particle size distributions
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1978-06-26
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Granted: 1981-01-20
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Expires: 1998-06-26
Abstract
Abstract A method for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or in a liquid. The particle suspension is illuminated by a collimated beam of nearly monochromatic light. Part of the light scattered by the particles is collected by a lens and is passed through a spatial filter placed in the focal plane of the lens. The light transmitted by the filter is measured by a photodetector. The photodetector output is measured as different spatial filters are switched in place. A computer, microprocessor, or analog device acts on the measured values and produces the particle size distribution as an output. The data reduction algorithm consists of a linear transformation of the measured data vector, followed by the construction of a linear combination of basis functions for the size distribution. The spatial filters consist of transparencies with non-uniform transmittance functions. The average scattering angle is not restricted, but for broad polydisperse particle distributions near back scatter is preferred, in order to avoid an ill-conditioned data reduction problem. One of the spatial filters has a uniform transmittance for the purpose of background light subtraction, and to provide a bias in order to allow effectively indefinite filter transmittance functions.
Inventors
- 👤 Hendricus G. Loos
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 09:07
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N15/00; G01N15/02; G01N15/0205; G01N15/0211
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 51
Claim 1
Independent Claim
146 words
A method for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or a liquid, comprising: passing a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light into the particle suspension, said beam having a beam axis; with a lens collecting part of the light scattered by the particles, the optical axis of said lens making a non-zero angle with the axis of the illuminating beam; sequentially placing the members of a set of spatial filters in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; collecting the light transmitted by each of said spatial filters sequentially by a photodetector to produce a signal substantially proportional to light transmitted by respective filters; acting on the resulting photodetector signal sequence by a linear transformation; and using the resulting data sequence as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
146 words
A method for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or a liquid, comprising: passing a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light into the particle suspension, said beam having a beam axis; with a lens collecting part of the light scattered by the particles, the optical axis of said lens making a non-zero angle with the axis of the illuminating beam; sequentially placing the members of a set of spatial filters in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; collecting the light transmitted by each of said spatial filters sequentially by a photodetector to produce a signal substantially proportional to light transmitted by respective filters; acting on the resulting photodetector signal sequence by a linear transformation; and using the resulting data sequence as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the filter set is carried by a rotating disc.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 2 in which said disc moves continuously, and the light source is flashed when a member of the set of spatial filters is aligned with said image window.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the filter set comprises a filmstrip.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 4 in which the filmstrip moves continuously, and the light source is flashed when a member of the set of spatial filters is aligned with said image window.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the filters are transparencies with a non-uniform transmittance, which at any point P of the filter is a function of the angle θ which rays that have P as an image make with the axis of the illuminating beam.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 6 in which the filter transmittance is computer generated from Mie intensity scattering calculations.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1 in which one of the filters of the set has a uniform transmittance.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 8 in which said uniform transmittance filter is used for subtraction of background light.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the collected scattering angle range is near backward scattering.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 1 in which said linear transformation and the said linear combination are performed by microprocessor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 in which said linear transformation and the said linear combination are performed by an analog device.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 in which a polarizing element is placed in the path of the said scattered light.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 13 in which the polarizing element is placed ahead of the spatial filters.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 in which a light chopper is placed in the illuminating beam.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 15 in which synchronous detection is used for the photodetector signal.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 in which a filter with non-uniform transmittance is provided in said set to be used for subtraction of background light.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 1 in which said beam is polarized.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 18 in which the filter set is carried by a rotating disc.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 19 in which said disc moves continuously, and the light source is flashed when a member of the set of spatial filters is aligned with said image window.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 18 in which the filter set comprises a filmstrip.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 21 in which the filmstrip moves continuously, and the light source is flashed when a member of the set of spatial filters is aligned with said image window.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method according to claim 18 in which the filters are transparencies with a non-uniform transmittance, which at any point P of the filter is a function of the angle θ which rays that pass through the point P make with the axis of the illuminating beam.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 23 in which the filter transmittance is computer generated from Mie intensity scattering calculations.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 18 in which one of the filters of the set has a uniform transmittance.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 18 in which the collected scattering angle range is near backward scattering.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 18 in which a polarizing element is placed in the path of the said scattered light.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 27 in which the polarizing element is placed ahead of the spatial filters.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
104 words
Apparatus for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or liquid comprising: a source of a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light; a lens for collecting a part of the light scattered by the particles, said lens being positioned and oriented such that it does not intersect said beam; a set comprising a plurality of spatial filters; means to present filters of said set sequentially in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; and a photodetector to produce a sequence of signals each of which is substantially proportional to light transmitted by a respective filter.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
104 words
Apparatus for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or liquid comprising: a source of a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light; a lens for collecting a part of the light scattered by the particles, said lens being positioned and oriented such that it does not intersect said beam; a set comprising a plurality of spatial filters; means to present filters of said set sequentially in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; and a photodetector to produce a sequence of signals each of which is substantially proportional to light transmitted by a respective filter.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which polarizing means is placed in the path of the beam provided by said source.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which polarizing means is placed on the axis of said lens, ahead of said filters.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which the filters are mounted to a rotatable disc.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 32 in which means is provided for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which the filters are comprised of a film strip.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 34 in which means is provided for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which chopper means, synchronized with the presentation of the spatial filter set, intermittently impedes the passage of light to the suspension.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 36 in which means is provided for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
46 words
Apparatus according to claim 29 in which the filters comprise transparencies with a non-uniform transmittance, which at any point P of the filter is a function of the angle θ which rays that pass through the point P make with the axis of the illuminating beam.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or liquid comprising: a source of a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light; a lens for collecting part of the light scattered by the particles; a set comprising a plurality of spatial filters; means to present filters of said set sequentially in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; a photodetector to produce a sequence of signals each of which is substantially proportional to the light transmitted by a respective filter; and means for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
124 words
Apparatus for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or liquid comprising: a source of a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light; a lens for collecting part of the light scattered by the particles; a set comprising a plurality of spatial filters; means to present filters of said set sequentially in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens; a photodetector to produce a sequence of signals each of which is substantially proportional to the light transmitted by a respective filter; and means for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus according to claim 39 in which means is provided for flashing said light source intermittently.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
43 words
Apparatus according to claim 40 in which means is provided for acting upon said sequence of signals from the photodetector by a linear transformation and using the results as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
62 words
Apparatus according to claim 39 in which one of the filters of said set has a uniform transmittance, and in which the said last means is so arranged as to subtract the scaled photodetector signal for the uniform filter from the scaled signals for respective non-uniform filters, followed by using the resulting data as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 39 in which polarizing means is placed in the path of the beam provided by said source.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 39 in which polarizing means is placed on the axis of said lens, ahead of said filters.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or a liquid, comprising: passing a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light into the particle suspension, said beam having a beam axis; with a lens collecting part of the light scattered by the particles, the optical axis of said lens making a non-zero angle with the axis of the illuminating beam; sequentially placing the members of a set of spatial filters, one of which has a uniform transmittance, in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens, thereby to transmit light through said set of filters and in the process performing a linear transformation; collecting the light transmitted by each of said spatial filters sequentially by a photodetector to produce a signal substantially proportional to light transmitted by respective filters; acting on the resulting photodetector sequential signals by a linear transformation; and using the resulting data sequence as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for measurement of the size distribution of particles suspended in a gas or a liquid, comprising: passing a substantially collimated beam of substantially monochromatic light into the particle suspension, said beam having a beam axis; with a lens collecting part of the light scattered by the particles, the optical axis of said lens making a non-zero angle with the axis of the illuminating beam; sequentially placing the members of a set of spatial filters, one of which has a uniform transmittance, in an image window located in the focal plane of said lens, thereby to transmit light through said set of filters and in the process performing a linear transformation; collecting the light transmitted by each of said spatial filters sequentially by a photodetector to produce a signal substantially proportional to light transmitted by respective filters; acting on the resulting photodetector sequential signals by a linear transformation; and using the resulting data sequence as coefficients in a linear combination of basis functions to yield the particle size distribution.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 45 in which said beam is polarized.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 45 in which a filter with non-uniform transmittance is provided in said set respective to background light.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-01-20 | 1984-07-21 | 1985-01-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-07-21 | 1989-01-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-01-20 | 1992-07-21 | 1993-01-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |