US4244816A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
•
Filing: 1979-01-22
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Granted: 1981-01-13
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Expires: 1999-01-22
Abstract
Abstract The instant invention relates to liquid membrane capsule system (LMCS) which are made resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating material present in the suspension phase. LMCS having this irreversible coating material are stable (i.e. resist coalescence) over relatively long periods of time with little or no applied agitation. These irreversibly coated LMCS can be pumped for long periods, are resistant to bile, pancreatin and solid matter and maintain their initial size distribution. The instant invention relates to methods of preparing the irreversibly coated LMCS. The LMCS of the instant invention exhibit resistance to rupture during pumping and passage over packing materials, such as glass beads or charcoal, thus making them of use in medical treatment processes such as renal dialysis and in the equipment used for such processes.
Inventors
- 👤 Tina C. Vogler
- 👤 William J. Asher
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 20:21
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D61/00; B01D61/38; B01D61/40; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/01; Y10S516/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
An improved liquid membrane capsule resistant to coalescence, said capsule comprising a globule of an emulsion suspended in an aqueous suspending phase wherein said emulsion comprises discrete microdroplets of an aqueous interior phase surrounded by a continuous, nonaqueous, oil, exterior phase, wherein the improvement comprises an irreversible coating component comprising a long chain polymer possessing surface activity and the ability to gel or chain crosslink present in the aqueous suspending phase which forms an irreversible coating arround the oily, exterior phase of said capsule making same resistant to coalescence.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
89 words
An improved liquid membrane capsule resistant to coalescence, said capsule comprising a globule of an emulsion suspended in an aqueous suspending phase wherein said emulsion comprises discrete microdroplets of an aqueous interior phase surrounded by a continuous, nonaqueous, oil, exterior phase, wherein the improvement comprises an irreversible coating component comprising a long chain polymer possessing surface activity and the ability to gel or chain crosslink present in the aqueous suspending phase which forms an irreversible coating arround the oily, exterior phase of said capsule making same resistant to coalescence.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the irreversible coating component is selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, xanthum gum and albumin.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of irreversible coating component in the aqueous suspension phase ranges from 0.5 to 100 grams irreversible coating component per liter suspension phase.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
40 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the improvement further comprises having in the aqueous suspension phase, in addition to the aqueous component and the irreversible coating component, a trivalent cation containing salt or a heavy metal divalent cation containing salt.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
44 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O, aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, trivalent and heavy divalent cation salt of copper, silver, iron, uranium, chromium, tin, lead, and zirconium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the ratio of the irreversible coating component to the salt on a weight basis ranges from 50 to 999.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the amount of suspending phase to emulsion ranges from 1:1 to 5:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the amount of suspending phase to emulsion ranges from 1:1 to 5:1.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the irreversible coating component is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the salt is Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the irreverisble coating component is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the salt is Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
129 words
A method for the preparation of liquid membrane capsules (LMC) which are resistant to coalescence, which comprises: (1) emulsifying an aqueous phase in a nonaqueous oil containing phase resulting in an emulsion, (2) suspending the water-in-oil of (1) as globules in an aqueous suspension phase comprising an aqueous component and an irreversible coating component which comprises a long chain polymer possessing surface activity and the ability to gel or chain crosslink wherein the suspending of the emulsion in the suspending phase is accomplished by shearing the emulsion in the suspending phase at a rate of from 50 to 8000 sec. -1 for from 0.5 to 150 sec. per 100 grams total material and wherein said coating component forms an irreversible coating around said capsule making said resistant to coalescence.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
129 words
A method for the preparation of liquid membrane capsules (LMC) which are resistant to coalescence, which comprises: (1) emulsifying an aqueous phase in a nonaqueous oil containing phase resulting in an emulsion, (2) suspending the water-in-oil of (1) as globules in an aqueous suspension phase comprising an aqueous component and an irreversible coating component which comprises a long chain polymer possessing surface activity and the ability to gel or chain crosslink wherein the suspending of the emulsion in the suspending phase is accomplished by shearing the emulsion in the suspending phase at a rate of from 50 to 8000 sec. -1 for from 0.5 to 150 sec. per 100 grams total material and wherein said coating component forms an irreversible coating around said capsule making said resistant to coalescence.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the irreversible coating component is selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, xanthum gum and albumin.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the amount of irreversible coating component in the aqueous suspension phase ranges from 0.5 to 100 grams irreversible coating component per liter suspension phase.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 12 further comprising the addition of trivalent cation containing salt or a heavy metal divalent cation containing salt to the aqueous suspension phase prior to the suspending of the emulsion in the aqueous suspension phase.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O, aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, trivalent and heavy divalent cation salts of copper, silver, iron, uranium, chromium, tin, lead, and zirconium.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the ratio of irreversible coating component to salt on a weight basis ranges from 50 to 999.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the pH of the aqueous suspension phase is about 5.5 to about 8.0.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the salt is a solid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the salt is an aqueous solution which is added dropwise to the aqueous suspension phase.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 20 wherein the emulsion and the aqueous suspension phase comprising an aqueous component, an irreversible coating component and a salt component, are subject to a shear rate of from 4000 to 5000 sec. -1 for from 0.8 to 1.3 sec. per 100 grams total material.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 12 further comprising the addition of an acid solution of a trivalent cation containing salt or a heavy metal divalent cation containing salt to the suspension of (2) at a shear rate of 5-40 percent of that used in Step (2).
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 22 wherein the acid is citric acid, an alkali metal salt of citric acid or maleic acid, a short chain carboxylic acid or metal salt acid and the pH of the acid salt solution is adjusted to 2 to 7.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 23 wherein the salt is Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O, and the acid is citric acid.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the shear rate of Step (2) is 70-700 sec. -1 for a duration of 1-150 sec. per 100 grams total material and the citric acid aluminum sulfate solution is added to the suspension of Step (2) at a shear rate of 5-40 percent of that used in Step (2).
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 23 wherein the mole ratio of acid to trivalent or heavy divalent cation salt ranges from 0:1 to 1:1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 24 wherein the mole ratio of citric acid to aluminum ranges from 6:1 to 1:1.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
142 words
An improved hemodialysis process of the type wherein a stream of blood from a patient is passed over one side of a dialysis mambrane through which membrane toxins diffuse from the blood which toxins are picked up by a dialysis fluid on the other side of the membrane, the purified blood being returned to the patient, the improvement comprising suspending in the dialysis fluid the stabilized liquid membrane capsule system (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase of the LMC is citric acid, which removes ammonia from the dialysis fluid, passing this dialysis fluid and the suspended LMC over activated carbon and phosphate ion exchange materials to remove other toxins and recirculating the dialysis fluid and suspended LMC to the dialysis membrane, the use of the LMC reducing the volume of dialysis fluid embployed by about 99%.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
137 words
An improved hemodialysis apparatus of the type wherein blood from a patient is passed over one side of a dialysis membrane through which membrane toxins diffuse from the blood, which toxins are picked up by a dialysis fluid on the other side of the membrane, the purified blood being returned to the patient, the improvement comprising suspending in the dialysis fluid the stabilized liquid membrane capsule system (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase of the LMC is citric acid, which removes ammonia from the dialysis fluid, means for passing the dialysis fluid and the suspended LMC over activated carbon and phosphate ion exchange materials which remove the converted ammonia and solids from the suspended LMC to the dialysis membrane, the LMC reducing the volume of dialysis fluid employed by about 99%.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
145 words
An improved peritoneal dialysis process of the type wherein sterile saline is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, toxins from the blood diffuse through the peritoneal membrane lining the cavity and are adsorbed by the sterile saline and the toxin laden saline is withdrawn from the peritoneal cavity, discared and replaced by fresh sterile saline, the improvement comprising processing the toxin laden saline solution by contacting it with the stabilized liquid membrane capsule system (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase is citric acid, passing the combination over a bed of immobilized urease, activated carbon and phosphate exchange material which converts urea to ammonia and strips other toxins and solids from the saline, the LMC removing the ammonia, thereby cleansing the saline solution, separating the cleansed slaine solution from the LMC and recirculating the cleansed saline solution to the peritoneal cavity.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
119 words
An apparatus for purifying the saline solution used in peritoneal dialysis which comprises means for contacting the toxin laden saline solution withdrawn from the body with the stabilized liquid membrane capsules (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase is citric acid, means for circulating the saline solution containing the LMC over a bed of immobilized urease, activated carbon and phosphate ion exchange material in a contacting zone wherein urea is converted to ammonia which is removed by the LMC, and other toxins are cleansed from the saline solution and the LMC whereby the cleansed saline is returned to the peritoneal cavity and the LMC are contacted with another volume of peritoneal saline for treatment.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
164 words
An improved hemofiltration process of the type wherein blood from a patient is passed over one side of an ultrafiltration membrane wherein the side of the membrane opposite the blood contacting is maintained at a lower pressure than the contacting side resulting in passage through the membrane for an ultrafiltrate consisting essentially of plasma depleted in high molecular weight proteins but containing a substantial concentration of toxins, the improvement comprising rather than discarding the ultrafiltrate and replacing it with sterile saline, cleansing the ultrafiltrate by suspending in it the stabilized liquid membrane capsule systems (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase is citric acid, passing the ultrafiltrate and the suspended LMC over immobilized urease, activated carbon and phosphate ion exchange material which converts urea to ammonia, which is removed by the LMC and removes other toxins, separating the ultrafiltrate from the LMC and passing the ultrafiltrate back into the blood, the LMC being contacted with another volume of ultrafiltrate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
172 words
An improved hemofiltration apparatus of the type wherein blood from a patient is passed over one side of and ultrafiltration membrane wherein the side of the membrane opposite the blood contacting is maintained at a lower pressure than the contacting side, resulting in passage through the membrane of an ultrafiltrate consisting essentially of plasma depleted in high molecular weight proteins but containing a substantial concentration of toxins, the improvement comprising means for suspending in the ultrafiltrate the stabilized liquid membrane capsule systems (LMC) of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the interior phase is citric acid, means for passing the ultrafiltrate and the suspended LMC over immobilized urease, activated carbon and phosphate ion exchange material in a contacting zone wherein urea is converted to ammonia which is removed by the LMC and other toxins are cleansed from the ultrafiltrate, means for separating the cleansed ultrafiltrate and LMC discharged from the contacting zone and means to returning the cleansed ultrafiltrate into the blood, the LMC being contacted with another volume of ultrafiltrate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-01-13 | 1984-07-14 | 1985-01-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-01-13 | 1988-07-14 | 1989-01-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-01-13 | 1992-07-14 | 1993-01-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |