US4241724A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and means of preventing heat convection in a solar pond
Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Inc
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Filing: 1978-10-23
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Granted: 1980-12-30
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Expires: 1998-10-23
Abstract
Abstract A method and means of preventing heat convection in a solar pond is disclosed with the means comprising a liner element adapted to cover the sides and floor of a solar pond with the liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of the pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of the pond and a plurality of membrane elements extending between the sides of the liner element and sealably connected thereto so as to form a plurality of liquid layers with each said layer being fluidly sealed from the immediate adjacent layers and the membrane elements being of a transparent film material. The method of preventing heat convection comprises providing a body of liquid supported on a bottom support surface and having a closed periphery and upper surface, providing a plurality of closely spaced horizontal membranes in the body of liquid with the membranes being a transparent film material, sealing each membrane at the periphery of the body of liquid to prevent migration of liquid upwardly past the membranes, imposing a closed conduit through the liquid adjacent one of the lowermost membranes, and moving a fluid through the conduit whereby the fluid will absorb heat from the liquid by conduction through the conduit. An alternate embodiment of the means for preventing convection is disclosed comprising a liner element and a membrane element extending between the sides of the liner element and sealably connected to the liner element with the membrane adapted to form an upper insulating layer and a plurality of solution filled capsules adapted for dispersion within the insulating layer with the capsules and the solution being transparent.
Inventors
- 👤 John R. Hull
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 01:06
CPC Classifications
F; F24; F24S; F24S10/00; F24S10/10; F24S10/13; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E10/00; Y02E10/40; Y02E10/44
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of preventing convection of heat in a fresh water solar pond, comprising, providing a body of fresh water supported on a bottom support surface and having a closed periphery and an upper surface, providing at least three closely spaced horizontal membranes in said body of water; said membranes being a transparent film material, sealing each membrane at the periphery of said body of water to prevent migration of water upwardly past said membranes, whereby water heated by the sun underneath the lowermost membranes will not move upwardly past any membrane, imposing a closed conduit through the water adjacent one of the lowermost membranes whereby said water will not have access to the interior of said conduit, and moving a fluid through said conduit whereby said fluid will absorb heat from said water by conduction through said conduit, the index of refraction of said membranes being substantially that of said water.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of preventing convection of heat in a fresh water solar pond, comprising, providing a body of fresh water supported on a bottom support surface and having a closed periphery and an upper surface, providing at least three closely spaced horizontal membranes in said body of water; said membranes being a transparent film material, sealing each membrane at the periphery of said body of water to prevent migration of water upwardly past said membranes, whereby water heated by the sun underneath the lowermost membranes will not move upwardly past any membrane, imposing a closed conduit through the water adjacent one of the lowermost membranes whereby said water will not have access to the interior of said conduit, and moving a fluid through said conduit whereby said fluid will absorb heat from said water by conduction through said conduit, the index of refraction of said membranes being substantially that of said water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said membranes are spaced from one another by between one-half and one inches.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 2 herein the number of membranes is approximately 50.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said plurality of closely spaced horizontal membranes encompass a vertical distance of approximately four feet.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the material of said membranes is Teflon.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
158 words
A method of preventing convection of heat in a solar pond, comprising, providing a body of liquid supported on a bottom support surface and having a closed periphery and an upper surface, providing at least one horizontal membrane in said body of liquid to divide said body of liquid into an upper insulating layer and a lower convecting layer; said membrane being a transparent film material, sealing said membrane at the periphery of said body of liquid to prevent migration of liquid upwardly past said membrane, whereby liquid heated by the sun underneath said membrane will not move upwardly past said membrane, and providing an array of solution-filled capsules within said upper insulating layer, said capsule material and said solution being transparent and said solution being denser than the pond liquid so that said capsules are submerged within said upper insulating layer, the index of refraction of said capsules and said solution being substantially that of said liquid.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
158 words
A method of preventing convection of heat in a solar pond, comprising, providing a body of liquid supported on a bottom support surface and having a closed periphery and an upper surface, providing at least one horizontal membrane in said body of liquid to divide said body of liquid into an upper insulating layer and a lower convecting layer; said membrane being a transparent film material, sealing said membrane at the periphery of said body of liquid to prevent migration of liquid upwardly past said membrane, whereby liquid heated by the sun underneath said membrane will not move upwardly past said membrane, and providing an array of solution-filled capsules within said upper insulating layer, said capsule material and said solution being transparent and said solution being denser than the pond liquid so that said capsules are submerged within said upper insulating layer, the index of refraction of said capsules and said solution being substantially that of said liquid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the material of said capsules is Teflon.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said liquid is fresh water.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
120 words
An apparatus for preventing heat convection in a solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of a solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of the solar pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of the solar pond, and at least three membrane elements extending horizontally between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner to form a plurality of liquid layers within said solar pond, each said layer being fluidly sealed from the immediate adjacent layers, said membrane elements being a transparent film material having an index of refraction substantially the same as the index of refraction of the liquid of the solar pond.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
120 words
An apparatus for preventing heat convection in a solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of a solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of the solar pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of the solar pond, and at least three membrane elements extending horizontally between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner to form a plurality of liquid layers within said solar pond, each said layer being fluidly sealed from the immediate adjacent layers, said membrane elements being a transparent film material having an index of refraction substantially the same as the index of refraction of the liquid of the solar pond.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 11 wherein said membrane elements are detachably secured to said sides by attachment means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
158 words
In combination, means for removing heat from a solar pond of liquid having a convection portion, and an apparatus for preventing heat convection in said solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of said solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of said pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of said pond, and at least three membrane elements extending in horizontal disposition between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner element to form a plurality of layers of said liquid, each said layer being fluidly sealed by a respective membrane from the immediate adjacent layer, each said membrane being a transparent film material, the layer of liquid below the lowermost membrane being said convection portion with said means for removing heat being located within said convection portion, the index of refraction of said membrane elements being substantially that of said liquid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
158 words
In combination, means for removing heat from a solar pond of liquid having a convection portion, and an apparatus for preventing heat convection in said solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of said solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of said pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of said pond, and at least three membrane elements extending in horizontal disposition between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner element to form a plurality of layers of said liquid, each said layer being fluidly sealed by a respective membrane from the immediate adjacent layer, each said membrane being a transparent film material, the layer of liquid below the lowermost membrane being said convection portion with said means for removing heat being located within said convection portion, the index of refraction of said membrane elements being substantially that of said liquid.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
54 words
The combination of claim 11 wherein said means for removing heat from said solar pond comprises a closed conduit extending through said convection portion and means for pumping a second liquid through said conduit so that the second liquid will absorb heat from said liquid of said solar pond by conduction through said conduit.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
The combination of claim 11 wherein said means for removing heat from said solar pond is a phase change element comprised of phase change material.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
10 words
The combination of claim 11 wherein said liquid is water.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The combination of claim 14 wherein said liquid is a sugar solution.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
153 words
An apparatus for preventing heat convection in a solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of a solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of the solar pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of the solar pond, a membrane element extending between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner, said membrane forming an upper insulating layer of pond liquid and a lower convecting layer of pond liquid, said insulating layer being fluidly sealed from said convecting layer, and a plurality of capsules filled with a solution and dispersed within said insulating layer, said capsules and said solution being transparent and said solution being denser than the pond liquid so that said capsules are submerged within said upper insulating layer, the index of refraction of said capsules and said solution is substantially that of the pond liquid.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
153 words
An apparatus for preventing heat convection in a solar pond, comprising, a liner element covering the sides and floor of a solar pond, said liner element having a bottom portion corresponding to the floor of the solar pond and side portions corresponding to the sides of the solar pond, a membrane element extending between said sides of said liner element and sealably connected to said liner, said membrane forming an upper insulating layer of pond liquid and a lower convecting layer of pond liquid, said insulating layer being fluidly sealed from said convecting layer, and a plurality of capsules filled with a solution and dispersed within said insulating layer, said capsules and said solution being transparent and said solution being denser than the pond liquid so that said capsules are submerged within said upper insulating layer, the index of refraction of said capsules and said solution is substantially that of the pond liquid.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-12-30 | 1984-06-30 | 1984-12-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-12-30 | 1988-06-30 | 1988-12-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-12-30 | 1992-06-30 | 1992-12-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |