US4238374A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Bound aggregate method and composition
Assignee: Agritec Inc
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Filing: 1979-04-16
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Granted: 1980-12-09
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Expires: 1999-04-16
Abstract
Abstract A method and composition is disclosed which is particularly suitable for forming a firm, bound aggregate-water support for floral arrangements with at least 60% by weight water. The composition comprises a water-insoluble, water-retaining binder, such as a particulate, water-insoluble, water-swellable, cross-linked polymer, and inert non-packing, highly porous water-trapping, aggregate particles dispersed throughout, the particles being present in an amount and having a bulk density and surface area effective to disperse the composition throughout the water as the composition is added to it without hand kneading or stirring. The binder should have water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm. The aggregate particles should have an open structure and water retention properties of at least 4 gm/gm, have a surface area of at least about 10 m 2 /gm and an apparent bulk density of not over 30 lbs/sq.ft. to avoid packing. Only sufficient binder should be present to firmly bind the aggregate particles together, for example from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, although higher amounts of binder can be used. Rice hull ash is preferred as the aggregate and the preferred binder is a starch, acrylonitrile graft copolymer. For most cut live flowers and to avoid mold, the composition should be acidic, but not too acidic to break the bond, for example a pH down to about 5.5 for some binders is satisfactory; although a pH down to 4 and below for cut flowers is satisfactory so long as the binder's bond is not broken. If desired, a higher pH, for example up to about 8.5 can be used. Advantageously, the composition can be added to water in a container of any size or shape in an amount sufficient to form the bound aggregate and the composition sinks in and disperses throughout the water and forms a support without the need for mixing with a mixer or kneading with the hands. Advantages and representatives uses are set forth below.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert L. Durham
- 👤 John H. McKenzie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 12:25
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01G; A01G5/00; A01G5/06; A01G24/00; A01G24/20; A01G24/22; A01G24/40; A01G24/42; C; C04; C04B; C04B26/00; C04B26/02; C04B26/04; C04B26/28; C04B26/285; A01G24/30; A01G24/35; C04B2103/00; C04B2103/0045; C04B2103/0049; C04B2103/0059; C04B2111/00; C04B2111/00474; C04B2111/00758; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/91
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
78 words
A composition comprised of, a particulate, water-insoluble, water-retaining binder having water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm and, inert aggregate particles dispersed throughout the binder, the particles being present in an amount and having a bulk density and surface area effective to disperse the composition in water as the composition is added to it without mixing and to provide a firmly bound aggregate support with the water comprised of about 60% to 80% by weight of water.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
78 words
A composition comprised of, a particulate, water-insoluble, water-retaining binder having water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm and, inert aggregate particles dispersed throughout the binder, the particles being present in an amount and having a bulk density and surface area effective to disperse the composition in water as the composition is added to it without mixing and to provide a firmly bound aggregate support with the water comprised of about 60% to 80% by weight of water.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the binder has water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the particles have an apparent bulk density of not more than about 30 lbs/sq.ft. and have a surface area of at least about 10 mg/gm.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 1, where, the binder is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the aggregate is rice hull ash.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the aggregate is rice hull ash and is present in the composition in an amount of about 96% by weight, and sugar is present in an amount of about 3% by weight.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the binder is a water-insoluble, water-swellable, cross-linked polymer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the binder is acrylonitrile-starch graft copolymer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the composition has a pH from about 5.5 to about 8.5.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 1 where, the composition includes at least one of a preservative, plant nutrient, a bactericide and an inert coloring agent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
43 words
A bound water aggregate support having the property of being able to firmly support flowers whose stems are inserted therein and to provide water thereto comprising, the composition of claim 1 dispersed throughout and formed into a firmly bound aggregate with the water.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of forming a bound water aggregate support capable of supporting flowers whose stems are inserted therein and providing water thereto comprising, adding the composition of claim 1 into water in a container in an amount sufficient to form the bound water aggregate support with the water.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 11 where, about 0.2 lbs. of the composition is added for each pound of the water present in the container.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of making a floral arrangement comprising, performing the steps of claim 12 and inserting stems of the flowers into the bound water aggregate support.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
87 words
A composition comprised of, a particulate, water-insoluble, water-retaining binder having water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm, and rice hull ash dispersed throughout the binder, the rice hull ash being present in an amount of from about 95% to about 0.99% by weight, the particulate binder and the rice hull ash effective to disperse the composition throughout water as the composition is added to it without mixing and to provide a firmly bound aggregate water support comprised of about 60% to 80% by weight of water.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
87 words
A composition comprised of, a particulate, water-insoluble, water-retaining binder having water retention properties of at least 100 gm/gm, and rice hull ash dispersed throughout the binder, the rice hull ash being present in an amount of from about 95% to about 0.99% by weight, the particulate binder and the rice hull ash effective to disperse the composition throughout water as the composition is added to it without mixing and to provide a firmly bound aggregate water support comprised of about 60% to 80% by weight of water.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 15, where, the binder is a water-insoluble, water-swellable, cross-linked polymer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 15, where, the binder is acrylonitrile-starch graft copolymer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 17, where, the composition has a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.5.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 18, where, the composition includes at least one of a preservative, bactericide, plant nutrient and inert coloring agent.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
43 words
A bound water aggregate support having the property of being able to firmly support flowers whose stems are inserted therein and to provide water thereto comprising, the composition of claim 15 dispersed throughout and formed into a firmly bound aggregate with the water.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The bound water aggregate support of claim 20, where, the binder of the composition is a water-insoluble, water-swellable, cross-linked polymer.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
The bound water aggregate of claim 20, where, the composition has a pH from about 5.5 to about 8.5, and the binder is acrylonitrile-starch graft copolymer.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
46 words
The bound water aggregate support of claim 20, where, the composition has a pH from about 5.5 to about 8.5, the binder of the composition is acrylonitrile-starch graft copolymer, and the composition includes at least one of a preservative, bactericide, plant nutrient, and inert coloring agent.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
38 words
The bound water aggregate support of claim 20, where, the composition has a pH from about 5.5 to about 8.5, the binder of the composition is acrylonitrile-starch graft copolymer, and the composition includes about 3.0 by weight sugar.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
62 words
A method of forming a bound water aggregate support in a container, the bound water aggregate support being capable of supporting flowers whose stems are inserted therein and providing water to the stems comprising, adding the composition of claim 15 into water in the container in an amount sufficient to form the bound water aggregate support with the water in the container.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 25, where, about 0.2 pounds of the composition is added for each pound of the water present in the container.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of making a floral arrangement comprising, performing the method of claim 26 and, inserting stems of the flowers into the bound water aggregate support.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
62 words
A method of forming a bound water aggregate support in a container, the bound water aggregate support being capable of supporting flowers whose stems are inserted therein and providing water to the stems comprising, adding the composition of claim 17 into water in the container in an amount sufficient to form the bound water aggregate support with the water in the container.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 27, where, about 0.2 pounds of the composition is added for each pound of the water present in the container.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method of making a floral arrangement comprising, performing the method of claim 29, and, inserting the stems of the flowers into the bound water aggregate support.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-12-09 | 1984-06-09 | 1984-12-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-12-09 | 1988-06-09 | 1988-12-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-12-09 | 1992-06-09 | 1992-12-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |