Abstract Phyllosilicate minerals which exhibit in their structure, sequentially, octahedral layers containing magnesium, aluminum and/or iron oxides and tetrahedral layers of silica, are superficially etched with dilute acid to remove the outer octahedral layer under controlled conditions which preserve the basic structural integrity of the mineral substrate. The acid etch exposes silanol groups on the outer silicate layer of the mineral so that they become available to form silicon-to-oxygen-to-silicon-to-carbon bonds through condensation with organo-silanes. The condensation of the organo-silane with the conditioned mineral surface is accomplished by mixing the acid etched silicate mineral with the organo-silane in a suitable solvent system under mild conditions. The organo-silane may be chosen from either of two classes: those which impart an oleophilic surface to the mineral; or those which enable the mineral surface to form additional chemical bonds with reactive sites within certain polymers and prepolymers. The mineral products of this invention which have been treated to possess oleophilic surfaces are superior additives for rheology control in lubricants, polyolefins, paints and oil well drilling fluids, as well as heat and moisture resistant reinforcing agents for rubbers; while those mineral products treated to possess surfaces chemically reactive with polymers and prepolymers when incorporated in such systems impart to the finished composites improved mechanical properties and heat and moisture resistance.
A composition of matter consisting of a phyllosilicate mineral including a superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide that has been processed by the steps of: (a) etching said mineral with an acid; (b) arresting such etching process when said superficial layer has been solubilized; and (c) subsequently reacting the etched phyllosilicate with an organo-silane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
54 words
A composition of matter consisting of a phyllosilicate mineral including a superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide that has been processed by the steps of: (a) etching said mineral with an acid; (b) arresting such etching process when said superficial layer has been solubilized; and (c) subsequently reacting the etched phyllosilicate with an organo-silane.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
73 words
A method for surface coating phyllosilicate mineral including a superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide with an organo-silane comprising the steps of: (a) etching the mineral with a dilute acid under reaction conditions sufficient only to solubilize said superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide from the mineral and expose silanol groups thereof; (b) arresting the aforesaid etching process; (c) subsequently reacting the etched mineral with organo-silane; and (d) recovering the resultant silane-coated mineral.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
73 words
A method for surface coating phyllosilicate mineral including a superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide with an organo-silane comprising the steps of: (a) etching the mineral with a dilute acid under reaction conditions sufficient only to solubilize said superficial octahedral layer of magnesium oxide from the mineral and expose silanol groups thereof; (b) arresting the aforesaid etching process; (c) subsequently reacting the etched mineral with organo-silane; and (d) recovering the resultant silane-coated mineral.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 2 wherein said phyllosilicate mineral is chrysotile asbestos.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 2 wherein the etching process is arrested by the addition of alkali to the mixture of acid and mineral to increase the pH thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 2 wherein the etching process is arrested by physical separation of the mineral and the acid.