US4225249A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Variable character spacing matrix for proportional spacing printing systems
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1977-06-27
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Granted: 1980-09-30
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Expires: 1997-06-27
Abstract
Abstract The aesthetic characteristics of adjacent characters are used to enhance the quality of output in a proportional spacing printer and to provide right margin justification for composing. Spacing between characters is determined on the basis of the character being printed and the preceding character already printed on the page. An intercharacter displacement memory contains a list of ideal spacing for all combinations of characters to be printed. As each character is typed, it and the previously stored preceding character address the intercharacter displacement memory. The output of the intercharacter displacement memory is the ideal value of escapement for this combination of characters and font style. The printer positions the print head prior to printing the next character, rather than positioning the print head after the previous character is printed. Line ending decisions for composing are eliminated during initial and final typing of a document by adding to the intercharacter displacement memory recommendations for altering the ideal spacing between characters, where aesthetically possible, to eliminate the need for line ending hyphenation. During initial keying, escapements for adjacent pairs of characters are totaled in a memory for ideal, shortest (tight), and longest (loose) recommended escapements. The line is automatically terminated within the justification range by a carrier return function based on the escapement totals and the selected right margin. Final playout of the page from memory alters the intercharacter escapements from the ideal values to either longer or shorter escapements depending on whether the line is to be lengthened or shortened.
Inventors
- 👤 Howard G. Kettler
- 👤 Robert A. Kolpek
- 👤 Walter S. Rosenbaum
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 23:56
CPC Classifications
B; B41; B41J; B41J19/00; B41J19/18; B41J19/34; B41J19/58
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
230 words
Apparatus for printing justified text comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations, a character source, means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source to form a printing line, means for accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals from said memory means for said accumulated characters and spaces of said printing line, means for defining the total escapement value in the printing line, means for comparing said accumulated ideal escapement value total and said escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value for the printing line, means for terminating said printing line when said accumulated ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said defined total escapement value, means for determining a deviation escapement value based on said accumulated ideal escapement value total, said defined total escapement value, and said one of said escapement variance value totals; and a variable spacing printing mechanism responsive to said deviation escapement value to modify the intercharacter escapement of the accumulated characters in accordance with predetermined intercharacter escapement variance values based on the aesthetic appearance of character combinations so that the actual escapement value of said printing line equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
230 words
Apparatus for printing justified text comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations, a character source, means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source to form a printing line, means for accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals from said memory means for said accumulated characters and spaces of said printing line, means for defining the total escapement value in the printing line, means for comparing said accumulated ideal escapement value total and said escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value for the printing line, means for terminating said printing line when said accumulated ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said defined total escapement value, means for determining a deviation escapement value based on said accumulated ideal escapement value total, said defined total escapement value, and said one of said escapement variance value totals; and a variable spacing printing mechanism responsive to said deviation escapement value to modify the intercharacter escapement of the accumulated characters in accordance with predetermined intercharacter escapement variance values based on the aesthetic appearance of character combinations so that the actual escapement value of said printing line equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
74 words
The apparatus for printing justified text of claim 1 wherein said escapement variance value totals include a loose escapement total value for spacing certain combinations of characters farther apart than their ideal spacing in order to lengthen the printing line to equal the defined total escapement value and a tight escapement value total for spacing certain character combinations closer together in order to shorten the printing line to equal the defined total escapement value.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus for printing justified text in claim 1 wherein said means for defining the total escapement value in the printing line is a register storing a value set by the right margin of the printer.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus for printing justified text of claim 1 wherein said source of characters is a keyboard.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus for printing justified text of claim 2 wherein said means for terminating said printing line includes means for deleting the last word from a printing line where said tight escapement value total exceeds the defined total escapement value and means for placing the deleted word at the beginning of the next line.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
267 words
Apparatus for printing text with a limited variable right margin comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations, a character source, means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source representing a line of text, means for accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals from said memory means for said accumulated characters and spaces of said line of text, means for defining the total escapement value in a printing line, means for comparing said accumulated ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value for the printing line, means for terminating said line of text when said accumulated ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said defined total escapement value, means for determining a deviation escapement value based on said accumulated ideal escapement value total, said defined total escapement value, and said one of said escapement variance value totals, storage means containing a maximum variant escapement value for the right margin of said line of text, means for substituting said maximum variant escapement value for said deviation escapement value, and a variable spacing printing mechanism responsive to said maximum variant escapement value to modify the intercharacter escapement of the accumulated characters in accordance with predetermined intercharacter escapement variance values based on the aesthetic appearance of character combinations so that the right margin of the printed text ends within a range determined by the maximum variant escapement value.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
267 words
Apparatus for printing text with a limited variable right margin comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations, a character source, means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source representing a line of text, means for accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals from said memory means for said accumulated characters and spaces of said line of text, means for defining the total escapement value in a printing line, means for comparing said accumulated ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value for the printing line, means for terminating said line of text when said accumulated ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said defined total escapement value, means for determining a deviation escapement value based on said accumulated ideal escapement value total, said defined total escapement value, and said one of said escapement variance value totals, storage means containing a maximum variant escapement value for the right margin of said line of text, means for substituting said maximum variant escapement value for said deviation escapement value, and a variable spacing printing mechanism responsive to said maximum variant escapement value to modify the intercharacter escapement of the accumulated characters in accordance with predetermined intercharacter escapement variance values based on the aesthetic appearance of character combinations so that the right margin of the printed text ends within a range determined by the maximum variant escapement value.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
191 words
Apparatus for printing text with a limited variable right margin comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations; a character source; mode selection means for defining a variable right margin mode; storage means containing a range of values for the right margin of a line of text; means for defining the total escapement value in a printing line; means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source representing a line of text; means for accumulating escapement value totals from said memory means for said line of text; means for comparing said accumulated escapement value totals for said line of text to said total escapement value for said printing line; means for selecting a right margin value from said storage means for said line of text when said accumulated escapement value totals approximate said total escapement value for said printing line; and a variable spacing printing mechanism, responsive to said means for selecting, to print said line of text in accordance with the selected right margin value.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
191 words
Apparatus for printing text with a limited variable right margin comprising: memory means containing predefined ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing based on the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations; a character source; mode selection means for defining a variable right margin mode; storage means containing a range of values for the right margin of a line of text; means for defining the total escapement value in a printing line; means for accumulating a plurality of characters and spaces from said character source representing a line of text; means for accumulating escapement value totals from said memory means for said line of text; means for comparing said accumulated escapement value totals for said line of text to said total escapement value for said printing line; means for selecting a right margin value from said storage means for said line of text when said accumulated escapement value totals approximate said total escapement value for said printing line; and a variable spacing printing mechanism, responsive to said means for selecting, to print said line of text in accordance with the selected right margin value.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
159 words
A method for producing right margin justified printing comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of combinations of characters; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a printing line; accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals for pairs of characters in said stream based on the defined escapement values; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; comparing the accumulated ideal escapement value total and the escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value; terminating said printing line when said ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said total escapement value; and adjusting the intercharacter escapement of combinations of said characters in accordance with the defined escapement variance values until the actual escapement value equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
159 words
A method for producing right margin justified printing comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of combinations of characters; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a printing line; accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals for pairs of characters in said stream based on the defined escapement values; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; comparing the accumulated ideal escapement value total and the escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value; terminating said printing line when said ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said total escapement value; and adjusting the intercharacter escapement of combinations of said characters in accordance with the defined escapement variance values until the actual escapement value equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
196 words
A method for producing right margin justified printing comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations; defining an order of preferred selectivity for character pairs based on the relative aesthetic value of varying the intercharacter spacing of said character pairs; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a printing line; accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals for pairs of characters in said stream based on the defined escapement values and the defined order of preferred selectivity; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; comparing the accumulated ideal escapement value total and the escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value; terminating said printing line when said ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said total escapement value; and adjusting the intercharacter escapement of said stream of characters in accordance with the defined escapement variance values based on the order of preferred selectively until the actual escapement value equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
196 words
A method for producing right margin justified printing comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and escapement variance values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of character combinations; defining an order of preferred selectivity for character pairs based on the relative aesthetic value of varying the intercharacter spacing of said character pairs; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a printing line; accumulating an ideal escapement value total and escapement variance value totals for pairs of characters in said stream based on the defined escapement values and the defined order of preferred selectivity; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; comparing the accumulated ideal escapement value total and the escapement variance value totals with said total escapement value; terminating said printing line when said ideal escapement value total and one of said escapement variance value totals bracket said total escapement value; and adjusting the intercharacter escapement of said stream of characters in accordance with the defined escapement variance values based on the order of preferred selectively until the actual escapement value equals the defined total escapement value of said printing line.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for producing printed text with a limited variable right margin comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and deviation escapement values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of combinations of characters; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a line of text; accumulating escapement value totals for pairs of characters in said character stream based on the defined escapement values; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; defining a maximum variant value for the right margin of said printing line; comparing the accumulated escapement value totals with the defined total escapement value for said line of text; terminating said line of text when said accumulated escapement value totals approximate said total escapement value for the printing line; and adjusting the intercharacter escapements of combinations of said characters in accordance with the defined deviation escapement values such that the difference between said defined total escapement value and the accumulated total escapement value for the printing line is less than the maximum variant value.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for producing printed text with a limited variable right margin comprising the steps of: defining ideal escapement values and deviation escapement values for intercharacter spacing as a function of the contours of the characters and the aesthetic appearance of combinations of characters; receiving a stream of characters and spaces to form a line of text; accumulating escapement value totals for pairs of characters in said character stream based on the defined escapement values; defining a total escapement value for the printing line; defining a maximum variant value for the right margin of said printing line; comparing the accumulated escapement value totals with the defined total escapement value for said line of text; terminating said line of text when said accumulated escapement value totals approximate said total escapement value for the printing line; and adjusting the intercharacter escapements of combinations of said characters in accordance with the defined deviation escapement values such that the difference between said defined total escapement value and the accumulated total escapement value for the printing line is less than the maximum variant value.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-09-30 | 1984-03-31 | 1984-09-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-09-30 | 1988-03-31 | 1988-09-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-03-31 | 1992-09-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |