US4221839A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method for protecting surfaces against fouling by marine organisms
Assignee: M&T Chemicals Inc
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Filing: 1978-03-23
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Granted: 1980-09-09
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Expires: 1998-03-23
Abstract
Abstract A method for protecting surfaces of objects or constructions that are exposed to surface-water against growth of biological origin by applying an antifouling coating layer onto these surfaces, which coating layer is formed from a paint formulation composing (a) one or more water-insoluble polymeric binders, (b) one or more water-soluble polymeric binders, (c) one or more sparingly water-soluble toxicants, optionally completed with other conventional materials, whereby the proportion of the components (a), (b) and (c) is such that the resulting coating layer when exposed to the surface water, wears off at such a rate that just sufficient toxicant is liberated to prevent fouling of the protected subject.
Inventors
- 👤 Aart P. de Graaf
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 01:46
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/16; C09D5/1656; C09D5/1662; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/907; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31511; Y10T428/31855
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 4
Claim 1
Independent Claim
249 words
A method for protecting the surfaces of objects and constructions that are exposed to salt or fresh water against growths of biological origin by applying an antifouling outer coating layer onto these surfaces, characterized in, that the coating layer is formed from a paint formulation consisting essentially of a combination of (a) at least one water-insoluble polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, styrene, vinyl-isobutyl ether, epoxy and coaltar-epoxy polymers and chlorinated rubbers; (b) at least one water-soluble polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and vinylmethyl ether; wherein said water-soluble polymeric binder constitutes from 46 to 83% of the combined weights of said water-soluble and water-insoluble polymeric binders; (c) at least one solid toxicant of the formula (R 1 R 2 R 3 M) n X wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and alkaryl groups that optionally contain at least one substituent, n represents the valence of X, X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, hydroxyl, sulfate, phosphate, phosphite, halide, borate, arsenate, arsenite, antimonate, carboxylate, carbamate and thiocarbamate and M is tin or lead; and (d) at least one conventional paint additive selected from the group consisting of metal powders, metal oxides, pigments, wood rosin, plasticizers and viscosity improving agents.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
249 words
A method for protecting the surfaces of objects and constructions that are exposed to salt or fresh water against growths of biological origin by applying an antifouling outer coating layer onto these surfaces, characterized in, that the coating layer is formed from a paint formulation consisting essentially of a combination of (a) at least one water-insoluble polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, styrene, vinyl-isobutyl ether, epoxy and coaltar-epoxy polymers and chlorinated rubbers; (b) at least one water-soluble polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and vinylmethyl ether; wherein said water-soluble polymeric binder constitutes from 46 to 83% of the combined weights of said water-soluble and water-insoluble polymeric binders; (c) at least one solid toxicant of the formula (R 1 R 2 R 3 M) n X wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and alkaryl groups that optionally contain at least one substituent, n represents the valence of X, X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, hydroxyl, sulfate, phosphate, phosphite, halide, borate, arsenate, arsenite, antimonate, carboxylate, carbamate and thiocarbamate and M is tin or lead; and (d) at least one conventional paint additive selected from the group consisting of metal powders, metal oxides, pigments, wood rosin, plasticizers and viscosity improving agents.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
Method according to claim 1, characterized in, that the organo-metallic compound is tri-n-butyltin fluoride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
Method according to claim 1, characterized in, that the organo-metallic compound is triphenyltin fluoride.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-09-09 | 1984-03-10 | 1984-09-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-09-09 | 1988-03-10 | 1988-09-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-09-09 | 1992-03-10 | 1992-09-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |