US4220858A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Apparatus for detecting change in water quality
Assignee: Hitachi Ltd
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Filing: 1978-02-08
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Granted: 1980-09-02
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Expires: 1998-02-08
Abstract
Abstract Sample water is introduced into a water bath in which aquatics live, and a gas sparingly soluble in water and giving no effect upon biological activities of aquatics is supplied to the water bath. The supplied gas and carbon dioxide gas generated by the biological activities of aquatics are collected, and a change in water quality of the sample water is detected from a concentration of carbon dioxide thus collected. Change in water quality of sample water can be rapidly detected thereby, which can be applied to detection of whether toxic materials are contained, for example, in river water flowing into a water purification plant, or not.
Inventors
- 👤 Takashi Ikeguchi
- 👤 Shunsuke Nogita
- 👤 Kouji Otani
- 👤 Shigeoki Nishimura
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 08:44
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/18; G01N33/186
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
270 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of fish, which comprises: (a) a water bath to which sample water is introduced, said water bath having fish living therein, the water bath comprising a chamber tightly sealed to the atmosphere and a chamber open to the atmosphere, the two chambers being partitioned by partition means having a lower end at a clearance from a bottom surface of the water bath and preventing said fish from entering the chamber open to the atmosphere, and an effluent passage provided at the chamber open to the atmosphere, the fish generating carbon dioxide during their biological activities, whereby the carbon dioxide generated by said fish changes depending on the water quality of the sample water introduced in said water bath, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the fish to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the fish, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, and (e) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in the concentration of the carbon dioxide as measured by said carbon dioxide measuring means, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in carbon dioxide concentration in said sample gas.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
270 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of fish, which comprises: (a) a water bath to which sample water is introduced, said water bath having fish living therein, the water bath comprising a chamber tightly sealed to the atmosphere and a chamber open to the atmosphere, the two chambers being partitioned by partition means having a lower end at a clearance from a bottom surface of the water bath and preventing said fish from entering the chamber open to the atmosphere, and an effluent passage provided at the chamber open to the atmosphere, the fish generating carbon dioxide during their biological activities, whereby the carbon dioxide generated by said fish changes depending on the water quality of the sample water introduced in said water bath, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the fish to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the fish, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, and (e) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in the concentration of the carbon dioxide as measured by said carbon dioxide measuring means, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in carbon dioxide concentration in said sample gas.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, further including a supply of air connected to the gas-supplying means, whereby the gas supplied to the water in the water bath by the gas-supplying means is air.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, further including a supply of nitrogen connected to the gas supplying means, whereby the gas supplied to the water in the water bath by the gas-supplying means is a nitrogen gas.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas-supplying means includes means to supply the gas at a constant rate to the water bath.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collecting means includes means to remove moisture from the sample gas.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide-measuring means is a non-dispersing type infrared spectrometer for measuring a carbon dioxide content of the sample gas.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concentration change-detecting means comprises means to detect a change in carbon dioxide concentration by absolute value of carbon dioxide concentration.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concentration change-detecting means comprises means to detect a change in carbon dioxide concentration by rate of change in carbon dioxide concentration.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for sending the value of the measurement of the concentration of carbon dioxide, as measured by said carbon-dioxide measuring means, to said concentration change-detecting means.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
183 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of aquatics, which comprises: (a) a water bath adapted for the aquatics to live in and to which sample water is introduced, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the aquatics to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the aquatics, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, (e) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in measured concentration of the carbon dioxide, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the sample gas, and (f) a decarbonator for decarbonating the sample water and supplying the decarbonated water to the water bath.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
183 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of aquatics, which comprises: (a) a water bath adapted for the aquatics to live in and to which sample water is introduced, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the aquatics to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the aquatics, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, (e) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in measured concentration of the carbon dioxide, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the sample gas, and (f) a decarbonator for decarbonating the sample water and supplying the decarbonated water to the water bath.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
217 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of aquatics, which comprises: (a) a water bath adapted for the aquatics to live in and to which sample water is introduced, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the aquatics to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the aquatics, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, (e) a gas flow rate meter for measuring a flow rate of the sample gas to the carbon dioxide-measuring means, (f) a multiplying means for multiplying value measured by the carbon dioxide-measuring means by measured value of the flow rate of the sample gas, whereby an adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide is obtained, and (g) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in the adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
217 words
An apparatus for detecting a change in water quality by using biological activities of aquatics, which comprises: (a) a water bath adapted for the aquatics to live in and to which sample water is introduced, (b) a gas-supplying means for supplying a gas having no adverse effect upon the biological activities of the aquatics to water in said water bath, and for stirring the water, (c) a collecting means for collecting the gas supplied by the gas-supplying means to the water in the water bath and carbon dioxide, generated by the biological activities of the aquatics, dissipated from the water in the water bath as a sample gas, (d) a carbon dioxide-measuring means for measuring concentration of carbon dioxide in the sample gas collected by said collecting means, (e) a gas flow rate meter for measuring a flow rate of the sample gas to the carbon dioxide-measuring means, (f) a multiplying means for multiplying value measured by the carbon dioxide-measuring means by measured value of the flow rate of the sample gas, whereby an adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide is obtained, and (g) a concentration change-detecting means for detecting a change in the adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide, whereby a change in water quality can be detected by detecting the change in adjusted concentration of carbon dioxide.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-09-02 | 1984-03-03 | 1984-09-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-09-02 | 1988-03-03 | 1988-09-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-09-02 | 1992-03-03 | 1992-09-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |