US4215020A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrical resistor material, resistor made therefrom and method of making the same
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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Filing: 1978-04-03
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Granted: 1980-07-29
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Expires: 1998-04-03
Abstract
Abstract A vitreous enamel resistor material comprising a mixture of a glass frit, and fine particles of tin oxide (SnO 2 ), a primary additive of particles of oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt or zinc, and a supplemental additive of oxides of tantalum, niobium, tungsten or nickel. An electrical resistor is made from the resistor material by applying the material to a substrate and firing the coated substrate to a temperature at which the glass melts. The tin oxide may be heat treated prior to mixing the glass frit. Upon cooling, the substrate has on the surface thereof, a film of the glass having the particles of the mixture embedded therein and dispersed therethroughout. The resistor material provides a resistor having a wide range of resistivities and a low temperature coefficient of resistance.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard L. Wahlers
- 👤 Kenneth M. Merz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 17:59
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01C; H01C17/00; H01C17/06; H01C17/065; H01C17/06506; H01C17/06513; H01C17/06533
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 46
Claim 1
Independent Claim
73 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material comprising a mixture of glass frit, and finely divided particles of tin oxide and of an additive, said additive being selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in an amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
73 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material comprising a mixture of glass frit, and finely divided particles of tin oxide and of an additive, said additive being selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in an amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the glass frit is present in an amount of 35 to 60% by volume.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the additive is present in the amount of 1 to 10% by volume.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 1% by volume of tantalum oxide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 0.4% by volume of niobium oxide.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 7% by volume of tungsten trioxide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
36 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which in the absence of nickel oxide as an additive the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 5% by volume of nickel oxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 1 in which the glass frit is a borosilicate glass.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A vitreous enamel resistor material in accordance with claim 2 in which the glass frit is an alkaline earth borosilicate frit.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
94 words
An electrical resistor comprising an insulating substrate and a film of glass on a surface of the substrate, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc embedded within and dispersed throughout the glass film, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the glass film in an amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
94 words
An electrical resistor comprising an insulating substrate and a film of glass on a surface of the substrate, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc embedded within and dispersed throughout the glass film, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the glass film in an amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the particles of tin oxide and the additive are present in the glass film in the amount of 40 to 65% by volume.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the additive particles are present in the glass film in the amount of 1 to 10% by volume.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the additive particles include a supplemental additive of up to 1% by volume of tantalum oxide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the additive particles include a supplemental additive of up to 0.4% by volume of niobium oxide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the additive particles include a supplemental additive of up to 7% by volume of tungsten trioxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which in the absence of nickel oxide as an additive the additive particles include a supplemental additive of up to 5% by volume of nickel oxide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 10 in which the glass of said film is a borosilicate glass.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrical resistor in accordance with claim 11 in which the glass of said film is an earth borosilicate glass.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of making an electrical resistor comprising the steps of mixing together a glass frit, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the amount of 20% to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume, applying said mixture to a surface of a substrate, and firing said coated substrate in a substantially inert atmosphere to the melting temperature of the glass frit, and cooling the coated substrate to form a resistive film.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of making an electrical resistor comprising the steps of mixing together a glass frit, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the amount of 20% to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume, applying said mixture to a surface of a substrate, and firing said coated substrate in a substantially inert atmosphere to the melting temperature of the glass frit, and cooling the coated substrate to form a resistive film.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the glass frit, and tin oxide and additive particles are mixed with a vehicle suitable for applying the mixture to the substrate, and after the mixture is applied to the substrate it is dried.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method in accordance with claim 20 in which prior to firing the coated substrate it is heated to burn off the vehicle in the mixture.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which prior to mixing the tin oxide with glass frit, the tin oxide is heat treated.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method in accordance with claim 22 in which the tin oxide is heat treated in an atmosphere of forming gas at a peak temperature of about 575° C. over a one-half hour cycle.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
116 words
An electrical resistor of the vitreous glaze type made by mixing together a glass frit, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume, applying said mixture to a surface of a substrate, and firing said coated substrate in a substantially inert atmosphere to the melting temperature of the glass frit, and cooling the coated substrate to form a resistive film.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
116 words
An electrical resistor of the vitreous glaze type made by mixing together a glass frit, and a conductive phase consisting essentially of fine particles of tin oxide and of an additive selected from the group consisting of the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc, the particles of tin oxide and the additive being present in the amount of 20 to 90% by volume, and the additive being present in an amount of about 0.07 to 18.5% by volume, applying said mixture to a surface of a substrate, and firing said coated substrate in a substantially inert atmosphere to the melting temperature of the glass frit, and cooling the coated substrate to form a resistive film.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the glass frit, and tin oxide and additive particles are mixed with a vehicle suitable for applying the mixture to the substrate, and after the mixture is applied to the substrate it is dried.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 25 in which prior to firing the coated substrate it is heated to burn off the vehicle in the mixture.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which prior to mixing the tin oxide with glass frit, the tin oxide is heat treated.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
36 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 27 in which the tin oxide is heat treated in an atmosphere of forming gas at a peak temperature of about 575° C. over a one-half hour cycle.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the glass frit is present in an amount of 35 to 60% by volume.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the additive is present in the amount of 1 to 10% by volume.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 1% by volume of tantalum oxide.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 0.4% by volume of niobium oxide.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 7% by volume of tungsten trioxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method in accordance with claim 19 in which in the absence of nickel oxide as an additive, the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 5% by volume of nickel oxide.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method in accordance with claim 29 in which the glass frit is a borosilicate glass.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the glass frit is present in an amount of 35 to 60% by volume.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the additive is present in the amount of 1 to 10% by volume.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 1% by volume of tantalum oxide.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 0.4% by volume of niobium oxide.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 7% by volume of tungsten trioxide.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
35 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 24 in which in the absence of nickel oxide as an additive, the material includes as a supplemental additive up to 5% by volume of nickel oxide.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
18 words
An electrical resistor made in accordance with claim 36 in which the glass frit is a borosilicate glass.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-07-29 | 1984-01-28 | 1984-07-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-07-29 | 1988-01-28 | 1988-07-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-07-29 | 1992-01-28 | 1992-07-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |