US4211646A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Waste water process
Assignee: Texaco Inc
•
Filing: 1977-10-31
•
Granted: 1980-07-08
•
Expires: 1997-10-31
Abstract
Abstract A method is provided for the treatment of a waste water stream characterized by having toxic and corrosive properties due to the presence of a cyanides formates and a halide of a metal or ammonia comprising adding a ferrous ion to said waste water to convert the cyanides to iron cyanides, adding a base to said waste water until the pH of said waste water is adjusted to the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing said iron cyanides, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to convert said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Inventors
- 👤 Clifton W. Westbrook
- 👤 Lloyd J. Parcell
- 👤 Gary L. Claytor
- 👤 Byron V. Klock
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 19:38
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/58; C02F1/586; C02F2101/00; C02F2101/10; C02F2101/16; C02F2101/18; C02F2101/20; C02F2101/22; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S210/00; Y10S210/902; Y10S210/903; Y10S210/904; Y10S210/908
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for treating a waste water stream characterized by having toxic and corrosive properties due to the presence of cyanides, formates, and a halide of a metal or ammonia which consists essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions in moles being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present, while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until a pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing said iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water from said biological reactor.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for treating a waste water stream characterized by having toxic and corrosive properties due to the presence of cyanides, formates, and a halide of a metal or ammonia which consists essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions in moles being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present, while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until a pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing said iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water from said biological reactor.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said ferrous ions are supplied as ferrous sulfate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water also contains ammonia and said ammonia is stripped from said waste water after said waste water has been separated from said sludge.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said amount of ferrous ions added is from about 1.2 to 10 times the amount in moles of cyanides present.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said ferrous ions are added to said waste water while maintaining the temperature of said waste water in the range from about 160° to 200° F.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said ferrous ions addition is made while maintaining said waste water under an inert atmosphere.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water also contains sulfides and the amount of ferrous ions added in moles is greater than the total amount in moles of the cyanides and sulfides present.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said base is lime.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said base is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water contains at least 5 parts per million of said cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of said formates, and at least 25 parts per million of said halides.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water contains at least 5 parts per million cyanides, at least 500 parts per million formates and at least 50 parts per million of said halides.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water also contains at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium in a concentration of at least 5 parts per million.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water also contains at least 5 parts per million of sulfides.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1, in which said waste water also contains at least 50 parts per million of ammonia.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of by-products from a process for the production of synthesis gas, said by-products including cyanides, formates, a halide of a metal or ammonia, and at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium, said process consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ion, in moles, being in substantial excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing said iron cyanides and a substantial portion of at least one metal, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of by-products from a process for the production of synthesis gas, said by-products including cyanides, formates, a halide of a metal or ammonia, and at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium, said process consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ion, in moles, being in substantial excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing said iron cyanides and a substantial portion of at least one metal, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of by-products from a process for the production of synthesis gas including at least 5 parts per million of cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of formates, and at least 25 parts per million of a halide of a metal or ammonia, said method consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of by-products from a process for the production of synthesis gas including at least 5 parts per million of cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of formates, and at least 25 parts per million of a halide of a metal or ammonia, said method consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
239 words
A method for treating a waste water stream produced in the water quench step of a process for the production of synthesis gas by reacting a carbonaceous fuel with an oxygen-rich gas in a free-flow, non-catalytic synthesis gas generator at a temperature in the range from about 1500° to 3000° F. and a pressure in the range from about 1 to 250 atmospheres, said stream being characterized by having toxic and corrosive properties due to the presence of environmentally significant amounts of cyanides, formates, and a halide of a metal or ammonia, which process consists essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
239 words
A method for treating a waste water stream produced in the water quench step of a process for the production of synthesis gas by reacting a carbonaceous fuel with an oxygen-rich gas in a free-flow, non-catalytic synthesis gas generator at a temperature in the range from about 1500° to 3000° F. and a pressure in the range from about 1 to 250 atmospheres, said stream being characterized by having toxic and corrosive properties due to the presence of environmentally significant amounts of cyanides, formates, and a halide of a metal or ammonia, which process consists essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 125° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said ferrous ions are supplied as ferrous sulfate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains ammonia and said ammonia is stripped from said waste water after said waste water has been separated from said sludge.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said amount of ferrous ions added is from about 1.2 to 10 times the amount in moles of the total moles of cyanides present.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said ferrous ions are added to said waste water while maintaining the temperature of said waste water in the range from about 160° to 200° F.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said ferrous ions addition is made while maintaining said waste water under an inert atmosphere.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains sulfides and the amount of ferrous ions added in moles is greater than the total amount in moles of the cyanides and sulfides present.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said base is lime.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said base is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water contains at least 5 parts per million of said cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of said formates, and at least 25 parts per million of said halides.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water contains at least 5 parts per million cyanides, at least 500 parts per million formates and at least 50 parts per million of said halides.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium in a concentration of at least 5 parts per million.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains at least 5 parts per million of sulfides.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains at least 50 parts per million of ammonia.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 17 in which said waste water by-products include a halide of a metal selected from the class consisting of Groups 1A, 2A, 5B, 6B or 8 of the Periodic Table.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
60 words
A method according to claim 17, in which said waste water also contains ammonia and said ammonia is stripped from said waste water after said waste water has been separated from said sludge and a portion of said ammonia is recycled to the untreated waste water to adjust the pH of said waste water to the range 7.0 to 9.0.
Claim 37
Independent Claim
215 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of byproducts from a process for the production of synthesis gas including at least 5 parts per million of cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of formates, at least 25 parts per million of a halide of a metal or ammonia, and at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium, said method consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 160° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
Claim 38
Independent Claim
215 words
A method for treating a waste water stream containing environmentally significant amounts of byproducts from a process for the production of synthesis gas including at least 5 parts per million of cyanides, at least 100 parts per million of formates, at least 25 parts per million of a halide of a metal or ammonia, and at least one metal from the group consisting of nickel, vanadium and chromium, said method consisting essentially of adding ferrous ions to said waste water, the amount of ferrous ions, in moles, being in excess of the total moles of cyanides present while maintaining said waste water at a pH in the range from about 7 to 9 and at a temperature from about 160° to 200° F. to effect the conversion of a substantial portion of said cyanides to iron cyanides and form a treated waste water, adding a base to said treated waste water until the pH of said waste water is in the range from about 9 to 11 to precipitate a sludge containing iron cyanides, separating said waste water from said sludge, feeding said waste water to a biological reactor to effect the conversion of said formates to carbon dioxide and a biological residue, and recovering an environmentally upgraded waste water stream from said biological reactor.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-07-08 | 1984-01-07 | 1984-07-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-07-08 | 1988-01-07 | 1988-07-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-01-07 | 1992-07-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |