Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
195 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads which comprises: mixing 100 parts by weight of graphite, 30 to 60 parts by weight of water-soluble nigrosine, an aqueous emulsion which contains 10 to 30 parts by weight of wax; said wax melting at a temperature between about 45° C. and about 90° C. and being selected from the group consisting of a. esters of higher fatty acids and higher aliphatic alcohols, b. petroleum wax, c. animal fats, d. vegetable fats, e. fatty acids of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, f. esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl compound selected from the group consisting of phenols and aromatic alcohols, g. higher alkyl ketones selected from the group consisting of palmitone and stearone, h. amides selected from the group consisting of industrial grade palmitic acid amide and stearic acid amide, i. polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 1000 to 10000; and sufficient water to permit the mixture to be extruded; extruding the resultant base mixture from a die into rods; drying the extruded rods to remove the water contained therein; and baking the dried rods at elevated temperatures to form pencil leads.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
195 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads which comprises: mixing 100 parts by weight of graphite, 30 to 60 parts by weight of water-soluble nigrosine, an aqueous emulsion which contains 10 to 30 parts by weight of wax; said wax melting at a temperature between about 45° C. and about 90° C. and being selected from the group consisting of a. esters of higher fatty acids and higher aliphatic alcohols, b. petroleum wax, c. animal fats, d. vegetable fats, e. fatty acids of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, f. esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl compound selected from the group consisting of phenols and aromatic alcohols, g. higher alkyl ketones selected from the group consisting of palmitone and stearone, h. amides selected from the group consisting of industrial grade palmitic acid amide and stearic acid amide, i. polyethylene having a molecular weight of about 1000 to 10000; and sufficient water to permit the mixture to be extruded; extruding the resultant base mixture from a die into rods; drying the extruded rods to remove the water contained therein; and baking the dried rods at elevated temperatures to form pencil leads.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is further added to the base mixture 10 to 30 parts by weight of a water-soluble nonelectrolyte of high molecular weight in relation to 100 parts by weight of graphite.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is further added to the base mixture not more than 10 parts by weight of carbon black in relation to 100 parts by weight of graphite.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 2 wherein there is further added to the base mixture not more than 10 parts by weight of carbon black in relation to 100 parts by weight of graphite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of esters of higher fatty acids and higher aliphatic alcohols.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is petroleum wax.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is animal fat.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is a vegetable fat.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is a fatty acid of 12 to 22 carbons.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is an ester of a fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbons and a hydroxyl compound selected from the group consisting of phenols and aromatic alcohols.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is a higher alkyl ketone selected from the group consisting of palmitone and stearone.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is an amide selected from the group consisting of industrial grade palmitic acid amide and stearic acid amide.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 1 wherein the wax is polyethylene having molecular weight of about 1000 to 10000,
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 2 wherein the water-soluble nonelectrolyte of high molecular weight is a member selected from the group consisting of cellulose ethers, starch derivatives and water-soluble synthetic resins.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 14 wherein the starch derivative is a member selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl starch, dialdehyde starch and dextrin.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method for manufacturing pencil leads as claimed in claim 14 wherein the water-soluble synthetic resin is a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylmethylether and polyethyleneimide.