US4209188A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Microcapsules, method of making same, and carbonless copying system including said microcapsules
Assignee: Moore Business Forms Inc
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Filing: 1978-04-11
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Granted: 1980-06-24
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Expires: 1998-04-11
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed are improved microcapsules comprising a core of fill material, at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating the core, and the reaction product of a methylolated epoxy compound and material of the outermost wall as at least a portion of the outermost surface of the microcapsule, the reaction product, among other things, tending to close discontinuities in the encapsulating wall. When containing a colorless dye precursor and utilized in carbonless copying systems, the improved microcapsules help to reduce discoloration caused by leakage or premature rupture and release of the dye precursor while still providing good image intensity of marks produced by the system. Also disclosed are methods of making the improved microcapsules.
Inventors
- 👤 Hung-Ya Chao
- 👤 George E. Maalouf
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 07:45
CPC Classifications
B; B41; B41M; B41M5/00; B41M5/124; B41M5/165; B01; B01J; B01J13/00; B01J13/02; B01J13/20; B01J13/206; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/914; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2984; Y10T428/2985
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 49
Claim 1
Independent Claim
52 words
A method of making microcapsules comprising providing a dispersed phase of minute discrete droplets containing intended core material, forming generally continuous encapsulating walls about the minute droplets to thereby produce microcapsules, and reacting walls of the produced microcapsules with a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound included in the continuous phase.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
52 words
A method of making microcapsules comprising providing a dispersed phase of minute discrete droplets containing intended core material, forming generally continuous encapsulating walls about the minute droplets to thereby produce microcapsules, and reacting walls of the produced microcapsules with a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound included in the continuous phase.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the methylolated epoxide is reacted by adding an emulsion containing a methylolated epoxide to the continuous phase after formation of the microcapsules.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the encapsulating walls are formed by interfacial polycondensation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method set forth in claim 2 wherein the formed encapsulating walls include polyamide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the encapsulating walls are formed by reacting diacid chloride included in the intended fill material with gelatin and gum arabic included in the continuous phase.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the encapsulating walls of the microcapsules are formed by depositing an urea-formaldehyde condensate over the minute discrete droplets.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR4## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from the group consisting of --H and --CH 2 OH, provided that at least one of the R groups of the compound is --CH 2 OH, and where n is an integer from 0 to 3.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR5##
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the intended fill material includes an initially colorless chemically reactive color forming dye precursor.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
48 words
A method of making improved microcapsules comprising providing microcapsules each including a core of fill material and at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating said core and reacting material containing a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound with the outer surfaces of the walls of the microcapsules.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
48 words
A method of making improved microcapsules comprising providing microcapsules each including a core of fill material and at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating said core and reacting material containing a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound with the outer surfaces of the walls of the microcapsules.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
In a method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the encapsulating wall is formed by interfacial polycondensation.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein the wall includes polyamide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the wall includes gelatin and gum arabic.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the wall includes urea-formaldehyde condensate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR6## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from the group consisting of --H and --CH 2 OH, provided that at least one of the R groups of the compound is --CH 2 OH and where n is an integer from 0 to 3.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the material containing the methylolated epoxide is reacted with the walls by adding an emulsion containing the epoxy compound to the vehicle containing the microcapsules.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method as set forth in claim 16 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR7## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from the group consisting of --H and --CH 2 OH, provided that at least one of the R groups of the compound is --CH 2 OH and where n is an integer from 0 to 3.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as set forth in claim 17 wherein the epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR8##
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the amount of epoxide added is from about 2 to about 20 wt. % of the dry weight of the microcapsules.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as set forth in claim 19 wherein the amount of epoxide added is from 2 to about 10 wt. % of the dry weight of the microcapsules.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
48 words
A microcapsule comprising a core of fill material, at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating the core, and the reaction product of a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound and material of the outermost wall being at least a portion of the outermost surface of the microcapsule.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
48 words
A microcapsule comprising a core of fill material, at least one generally continuous wall encapsulating the core, and the reaction product of a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound and material of the outermost wall being at least a portion of the outermost surface of the microcapsule.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
21 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein said fill material includes initially colorless, chemically reactive, color forming dye precursor.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein the material of the wall contains an urea-formaldehyde condensate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein the material of the wall contains the reaction product of acid chloride, gelatin and gum arabic.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein the material of the wall contains polyamide.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
37 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 22 wherein said fill material includes dye precursor selected from the group consisting of Michler's hydrol, derivatives of Michler's hydrol and mixtures thereof and a carrier for the dye precursor.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
67 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR9## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from the group consisting of --H and --CH 2 OH, provided that at least one of the R groups of the compound is --CH 2 OH and where n is an integer from 0 to 3.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
17 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 27 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR10##
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 21 wherein the epoxide equivalent of the methylolated epoxide is from about 200 to about 750.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
16 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 25 wherein the material of the wall includes polyterephthalamide.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
56 words
A carbonless copying system comprising a substrate, a coating containing a plurality of microcapsules according to claim 22 over at least a portion of said substrate and material capable of reacting with said colorless color forming dye precursor contained in said microcapsules to produce a colored reaction product, the material in reactive contact with the microcapsules.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
32 words
A carbonless copying system as set forth in claim 31 wherein said reactive material is contained in a coating on a second substrate contiguous to the substrate containing a plurality of microcapsules.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
31 words
A carbonless copying system as set forth in claim 31 including a plurality of substrates having the microcapsules on one surface and a coating containing the reactive material on another surface.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
54 words
A microcapsule comprising a minute, discrete droplet of fill material, an individual rupturable, generally continuous wall encapsulating the droplet, the wall comprising at least one layer of material, discontinuities in the outermost layer being closed by the reaction product of a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound and material of the outermost layer.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
54 words
A microcapsule comprising a minute, discrete droplet of fill material, an individual rupturable, generally continuous wall encapsulating the droplet, the wall comprising at least one layer of material, discontinuities in the outermost layer being closed by the reaction product of a methylolated epoxide of an epichlorohydrin/bisphenol A-type compound and material of the outermost layer.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
21 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 34 wherein the fill material includes initially colorless, chemically reactive, color forming dye precursor.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
18 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 34 wherein the material of the wall contains an urea-formaldehyde condensate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
25 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 34 wherein the material of the wall contains the reaction product of acid chloride, gelatin, and gum arabic.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
16 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 34 wherein the material of the wall contains polyamide.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
37 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 35 wherein said fill material include dye precursor selected from the group consisting of Michler's hydrol, derivatives of Michler's hydrol and mixtures thereof and a carrier for the dye precursor.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
66 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 34 wherein the methylolated epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR11## where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected the group consisting of --H and --CH 2 OH, provided that at least one of the R groups of the compound is --CH 2 OH and where n is an integer from 0 to 3.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 40 wherein the epoxide has the structural formula; ##STR12##
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
16 words
A microcapsule as set forth in claim 38 wherein the material of the wall includes polyterephthalamide.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
56 words
A carbonless copying system comprising a substrate, a coating containing a plurality of microcapsules according to claim 35 over at least a portion of the substrate and material capable of reacting with said colorless color forming dye precursor contained in the microcapsules to produce a colored reaction product, the material in reactive contact with the microcapsules.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
32 words
A carbonless copying system as set forth in claim 43 wherein the reactive material is contained in a coating on a second substrate contiguous to the substrate containing a plurality of microcapsules.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
31 words
A carbonless copying system as set forth in claim 43 including a plurality of substrates having the microcapsules on one surface and a coating containing the reactive material on another surface.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-06-24 | 1983-12-24 | 1984-06-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-06-24 | 1987-12-24 | 1988-06-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-06-24 | 1991-12-24 | 1992-06-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |