US4208185A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for the measurement of antigens and antibodies
Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Filing: 1978-06-20
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Granted: 1980-06-17
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Expires: 1998-06-20
Abstract
Abstract A method of the quantitative measurement of antigens and antibodies by reacting antibody- or antigen-sensitized insoluble carrier particles with a corresponding antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof in a sample and irradiating the reaction mixture with light of a specific wavelength to measure the absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture, and an apparatus for use therein.
Inventors
- 👤 Masanobu Sawai
- 👤 Tadamitsu Sudo
- 👤 Shogo Enomoto
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 06:28
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/54313; G01N33/551; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/961
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
An absorption method for determining antigens and antibodies comprising reacting an antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof with a corresponding antibody, or antigen or mixture thereof which has been supported on insoluble carrier particles having an average diameter of not greater than 1.6 microns to sensitize the carrier particles, said reaction being carried out in a liquid medium, wherein said carrier particles are present in the reaction mixture in a concentration of 0.05 to 1% by weight, irradiating the resulting reaction mixture with light having a wavelength in the range of 0.6 to 2.4 microns and longer than the average diameter of the carrier particles by a factor of at least 1.1 and measuring the absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
124 words
An absorption method for determining antigens and antibodies comprising reacting an antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof with a corresponding antibody, or antigen or mixture thereof which has been supported on insoluble carrier particles having an average diameter of not greater than 1.6 microns to sensitize the carrier particles, said reaction being carried out in a liquid medium, wherein said carrier particles are present in the reaction mixture in a concentration of 0.05 to 1% by weight, irradiating the resulting reaction mixture with light having a wavelength in the range of 0.6 to 2.4 microns and longer than the average diameter of the carrier particles by a factor of at least 1.1 and measuring the absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the insoluble carrier particles used have an average diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 micron.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 2 wherein the insoluble carrier particles used have an average diameter in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 micron.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said carrier particles consist essentially of fine powder of an organic high molecular substance or an inorganic substance which is substantially insoluble in the liquid medium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 4 wherein said fine powder of the organic high molecular substance is a finely pulverized synthetic resin, bacteria or cell membrane fragments.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 4 wherein said fine powder of the organic high molecular substance is polystyrene latex particles.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 4 wherein said fine powder of the inorganic substance consists of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metals, inorganic oxides or minerals.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 4 wherein said fine powder of inorganic substance consists of silica, alumina or silica-alumina.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the reaction of said antibody- or antigen-sensitized insoluble carrier particles with said antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof is carried out under conditions that accelerate contact of the carrier particles with each other as much as possible.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the reaction of said antibody- or antigen-sensitized insoluble carrier particles with said antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof is carried out under predetermined conditions which accelerate contact of the carrier particles with each other and the absorbance or percent absorption of the resulting reaction mixture is measured.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 9 or 10 wherein said reaction is carried out with agitation.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
69 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the amount or concentration of an antigen or antibody or both in a sample solution is determined by reacting the antigen, antibody or both in the sample solution with the corresponding antibody or antigen or mixture thereof supported on said carrier for a given period of time under predetermined conditions, and measuring the absorbance or percent absorption of the resulting reaction mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
73 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the amount or concentration of an antigen or antibody or both in a sample solution is determined by reacting the antigen, antibody or both in the sample solution with the corresponding antibody or antigen or mixture thereof supported on said carrier under predetermined conditions, and measuring the length of time required for the absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture to reach a predetermined value.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the light applied has a wavelength in the range of 0.8 to 1.8 microns.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein the light applied has a wavelength in the range of 0.9 to 1.4 microns.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the light applied has a wavelength longer than the average diameter of the carrier particles by a factor of at least 1.5.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
128 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a reaction mixture resulting from an antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof present in a sample solution and the corresponding antibody or antigen or mixture thereof supported on a carrier having a particular particle size is irradiated with light having an appropriate wavelength in the range of 0.6 to 2.4 microns in order to previously detect the wavelength region in which a certain correlation is established between the concentration of the antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof, including the reaction product, in the sample solution and the absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture, and the measurement of the absorbance or percent absorption is conducted by irradiating the reaction mixture with light of a wavelength in such region.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said carrier particles are used in such a proportion that the concentration of the carrier in the reaction mixture is 0.2 to 0.6% by weight.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said liquid medium is water or a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic solvent.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein a diluted or undiluted sample solution containing an antigen or antibody is reacted with a suspension of the carrier particles on which a particular antibody or antigen has been supported.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein at first an antigen or antibody is added to and reacted with a sample solution containing an antibody or antigen to be measured and subsequently a suspension of the insoluble carrier particles on which a particular antigen or antibody has been supported is added to and reacted with the reaction mixture of the first reaction.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the antibody or antigen is supported on said insoluble carrier particles by physical or chemical adsorption or a mixture of both thereon.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the antibody or antigen is supported on said insoluble carrier particles by chemical bonding therewith by the use of a coupling agent.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
119 words
An apparatus for measuring antigens and antibodies which comprises: an adsorption cell holding the reaction mixture obtained by reacting an antibody or antigen supported on insoluble carrier particles having an average diameter of not greater than 1.6 microns, with a corresponding antigen or antibody or mixture thereof in a liquid medium, said cell having a thickness of 0.5 to 10 mm; and said cell being in a photometer for the measurement of absorbance or percent absorption which comprises an irradiation unit for applying light of a particular wave length to the cell and a detection unit for measuring the light absorbed by said cell; wherein said wave length is selected from the range of from 0.6 to 2.4 microns.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
119 words
An apparatus for measuring antigens and antibodies which comprises: an adsorption cell holding the reaction mixture obtained by reacting an antibody or antigen supported on insoluble carrier particles having an average diameter of not greater than 1.6 microns, with a corresponding antigen or antibody or mixture thereof in a liquid medium, said cell having a thickness of 0.5 to 10 mm; and said cell being in a photometer for the measurement of absorbance or percent absorption which comprises an irradiation unit for applying light of a particular wave length to the cell and a detection unit for measuring the light absorbed by said cell; wherein said wave length is selected from the range of from 0.6 to 2.4 microns.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the insoluble carrier particles have an average diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 micron.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the insoluble carrier particles have an average diameter in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 micron.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the thickness of the cell is from 1 to 5 mm.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the walls of the cell which transmit the light are composed of transparent glass or synthetic resin having at least 30% transmittance for light of 0.6 to 2.4 microns.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the photometer involves an irradiation unit for applying light of a particular wavelength selected from the range of 0.8 to 1.8 microns.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the cell is equipped with an agitator.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus according to claim 30 wherein the agitator comprises a mixing rod moving in the cell.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-06-17 | 1983-12-17 | 1984-06-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-06-17 | 1987-12-17 | 1988-06-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-06-17 | 1991-12-17 | 1992-06-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |