US4201553A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of improving combustion of fuels and novel fuel compositions
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1978-03-08
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Granted: 1980-05-06
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Expires: 1998-03-08
Abstract
Abstract Disclosure is made of a method of improving the combustion of base fuels selected from ammonia and amines. The method comprises the addition of hydrogen carriers to the base fuels, which possess an energy content and release it together with hydrogen for combustion upon ignition of the base fuel. The disclosure is also of novel fuel compositions which comprise from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier dissolved or suspended in the base fuel.
Inventors
- 👤 Hans Osborg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 16:43
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L3/00; C10L1/00; C10L1/02; C10L1/10; C10L1/12; C10L1/1208; C10L1/1266; C10L1/14; C10L1/22; C10L1/222; C10L1/2222; C10L1/2225; C10L1/226; C10L1/30; C10L1/301; C10L1/303
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
133 words
A method of improving the combustion of ammonia, which comprises; mixing in said ammonia from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier; and combusting the resulting mixture; said hydrogen carrier being a compound selected from the group consisting of a boron hydride, a borohydride, a hydrazine and mixtures thereof, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125 and a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal, to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the ammonia it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf like of the mixture, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said mixture to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said mixture being non-hypergolic.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
133 words
A method of improving the combustion of ammonia, which comprises; mixing in said ammonia from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier; and combusting the resulting mixture; said hydrogen carrier being a compound selected from the group consisting of a boron hydride, a borohydride, a hydrazine and mixtures thereof, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125 and a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal, to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the ammonia it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf like of the mixture, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said mixture to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said mixture being non-hypergolic.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
125 words
A composition, which comprises: from 85 to 99.5 percent by weight of ammonia; and from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of hydrogen carrier, said hydrogen carrier being a compound selected from the group consisting of a boron hydride, a borohydride, a hydrazine and mixtures thereof, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the ammonia it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf like of the composition, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said composition to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said composition being nonhypergolic.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
125 words
A composition, which comprises: from 85 to 99.5 percent by weight of ammonia; and from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of hydrogen carrier, said hydrogen carrier being a compound selected from the group consisting of a boron hydride, a borohydride, a hydrazine and mixtures thereof, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the ammonia it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf like of the composition, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said composition to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said composition being nonhypergolic.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
10 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein said ammonia is anhydrous.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein said ammonia is dissolved in an organic solvent which is combustible.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
147 words
A method of improving the combustion of an organic amine having a molecular weight of from about 31 to about 110, which comprises; mixing in said amine from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier; and combusting the resulting mixture; said hydrogen carrier being a compound of hydrogen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, magnesium and boron, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the amine it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf life of the mixture, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said mixture to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said mixture being non-hypergolic.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
147 words
A method of improving the combustion of an organic amine having a molecular weight of from about 31 to about 110, which comprises; mixing in said amine from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier; and combusting the resulting mixture; said hydrogen carrier being a compound of hydrogen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, magnesium and boron, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the amine it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf life of the mixture, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said mixture to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said mixture being non-hypergolic.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said hydrogen carrier is selected from the group consisting of borohydrides, boraneamine complexes and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
4 words
A composition, which comprises;
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
4 words
A composition, which comprises;
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
from 85 to 99.5 percent by weight of an organic amine having a molecular weight of from about 31 to about 110; and
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
from 85 to 99.5 percent by weight of an organic amine having a molecular weight of from about 31 to about 110; and
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
115 words
from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier, said hydrogen carrier being a compound of hydrogen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, magnesium and boron, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the amine it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf life of the composition, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said composition to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said composition being non-hypergolic.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
115 words
from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrogen carrier, said hydrogen carrier being a compound of hydrogen and at least one element selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, magnesium and boron, said compound having a molecular weight of from 8 to about 125, a heat of formation of from about 10 kcal. to about 100 kcal. per mole; provided that the compound selected is non-reactive with the amine it is mixed in at ambient temperatures, does not lower the shelf life of the composition, does not deteriorate below the ignition temperature of said composition to release energy and at the point of ignition, releases energy and hydrogen, said composition being non-hypergolic.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein said hydrogen carrier is selected from the group consisting of borohydrides, borane-amine complexes and mixtures thereof.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-05-06 | 1983-11-05 | 1984-05-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-05-06 | 1987-11-05 | 1988-05-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-05-06 | 1991-11-05 | 1992-05-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |