US4199496A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for the recovery of chemicals from the shells of crustacea
Assignee: KYPRO Inc A CORP OF
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Filing: 1975-04-07
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Granted: 1980-04-22
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Expires: 1995-04-07
Abstract
Abstract A process is described for extraction and recovery of chemicals from the shell of various crustacea species. Significant features of the process are determination and use of conditions for extraction which are sufficient to liberate protein from its combination with chitin in the shell matrix and to dissolve it as an alkali proteinate solution while causing minimum alteration to the protein so that products of high nutritional quality can be obtained; the conditions for the extraction of the chitin from the shell matrix and in a useful form; and, the recovery of a calcium compound from the shell matrix.
Inventors
- 👤 Quintin P. Peniston
- 👤 Edwin L. Johnson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 16:16
CPC Classifications
A; A23; A23J; A23J1/00; A23J1/10; C; C08; C08B; C08B37/00; C08B37/0006; C08B37/0024; C08B37/0027; C08B37/003; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S530/00; Y10S530/855; Y10S530/857; Y10S530/859
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
135 words
A process for recovering chemicals from waste of crustacea comprising shell of crustacea and which shell comprises bound chitin and bound protein and calcium carbonate, said process comprises: a. treating the waste of crustacea with an alkaline solution having a molarity of hydroxyl ion in the range of about 0.05 M to, approximately, 0.3 M and at a temperature in the range of about 140° F. to, approximately, 180° F., to remove the bound protein from the shell and to form an alkaline extract comprising said protein and to form a residue of shell comprising chitin and a calcium compound; b. separating said alkaline extract from said residue of shell; c. treating said alkaline extract to recover said protein; and, d. treating said residue of shell to recover said chitin and to recover said calcium.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
135 words
A process for recovering chemicals from waste of crustacea comprising shell of crustacea and which shell comprises bound chitin and bound protein and calcium carbonate, said process comprises: a. treating the waste of crustacea with an alkaline solution having a molarity of hydroxyl ion in the range of about 0.05 M to, approximately, 0.3 M and at a temperature in the range of about 140° F. to, approximately, 180° F., to remove the bound protein from the shell and to form an alkaline extract comprising said protein and to form a residue of shell comprising chitin and a calcium compound; b. separating said alkaline extract from said residue of shell; c. treating said alkaline extract to recover said protein; and, d. treating said residue of shell to recover said chitin and to recover said calcium.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
77 words
A process according to claim 1, and comprising: a. in treating said residue of shell to recover said chitin subjecting said residue of shell to an acid to remove the calcium carbonate from the chitin; b. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH less than about 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, c. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process according to claim 1, and comprising: a. in treating said residue of shell subjecting said residue of shell to acid to remove the calcium in an aqueous solution from said chitin; and, b. drying said aqueous solution to leave the calcium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
A process according to claim 1, and comprising: a. subjecting said residue of shell to hydrochloric acid to form an aqueous solution comprising calcium and to remove said calcium from the chitin; and, b. separating said aqueous solution comprising calcium from the chitin to have said aqueous solution comprising calcium and said chitin.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. drying said aqueous solution to leave the calcium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. drying said chitin to form a dry chitin and in drying said chitin maintaining the temperature of the chitin at a temperature less than about 185° F.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising sodium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising potassium.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 4, and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 8 and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 9, and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
127 words
A process for recovering chemicals from waste of crustacea comprising shell of crustacea and which shell comprises bound chitin and bound protein and calcium carbonate, said process comprises: a. treating the waste of crustacea with an acid to remove a calcium compound in an aqueous solution and to form a residue of shell comprising chitin and protein; b. treating the residue of shell with an alkaline solution having a molarity of hydroxyl ion in the range of about 0.05 to, approximately, 0.3 M and at a temperature in the range of about 140° F. to, approximately, 180° F., to form an alkaline extract comprising said protein; c. separating said alkaline extract from said chitin to leave said chitin; and, d. separating said protein from said alkaline extract.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
127 words
A process for recovering chemicals from waste of crustacea comprising shell of crustacea and which shell comprises bound chitin and bound protein and calcium carbonate, said process comprises: a. treating the waste of crustacea with an acid to remove a calcium compound in an aqueous solution and to form a residue of shell comprising chitin and protein; b. treating the residue of shell with an alkaline solution having a molarity of hydroxyl ion in the range of about 0.05 to, approximately, 0.3 M and at a temperature in the range of about 140° F. to, approximately, 180° F., to form an alkaline extract comprising said protein; c. separating said alkaline extract from said chitin to leave said chitin; and, d. separating said protein from said alkaline extract.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. treating said aqueous solution comprising said calcium compound to separate the calcium compound.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
66 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. in separating said protein from said alkaline extract neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to form an aqueous solution containing protein; and, b. drying said aqueous solution containing protein to form said protein in a dry state and in drying the protein maintaining the temperature of the protein at a temperature less than about 185° F.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
61 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. in separating said protein from said alkaline extract neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH less than about 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein from said acidic mixture and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said acidic mixture.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. drying said chitin to form a dry chitin.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
45 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. washing said chitin to purify said chitin; and, b. drying said chitin to form a dry chitin and in drying said chitin maintaining the temperature of the chitin at a temperature less than about 185° F.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
49 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. treating the waste of crustacea with hydrochloric acid to form said aqueous solution comprising calcium and to remove said calcium from the shell of crustacea; and, b. separating said aqueous solution comprising calcium from the residue of chitin and protein.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 19, and comprising: a. drying said aqueous solution to leave the calcium as a salt.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. drying said chitin to form a dry chitin and in drying said chitin maintaining the temperature of the chitin at a temperature less than about 185° F.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 13, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 22, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising sodium.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 22, and comprising: a. said alkaline solution comprising potassium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 22, and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 8, and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process according to claim 9, and comprising: a. neutralizing said alkaline extract with an acid to a pH in the range of about 3.5 to, approximately, 5.5 to form an acidic mixture and to precipitate said protein and to form a supernatant acidic extract; and, b. separating said protein from said supernatant acidic extract.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-04-22 | 1983-10-22 | 1984-04-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-10-22 | 1988-04-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-04-22 | 1991-10-22 | 1992-04-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |