US4198740A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method for forming or bonding a liner
Assignee: United States Department of Energy
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Filing: 1978-07-24
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Granted: 1980-04-22
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Expires: 1998-07-24
Abstract
Abstract A process and means for forming or bonding a liner to a shell or element wherein the liner is filled with or immersed in water and a portion of the water is frozen.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas S. Prevender
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 08:29
CPC Classifications
B; B23; B23K; B23K20/00; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/49805; Y10T29/49826; Y10T29/49908; Y10T29/49938; Y10T29/4994
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
96 words
The method of firmly bonding a relatively ductile metal liner to a steel element comprising placing said liner and said element in assembled relationship with one closely encircling the other, providing a confined water bath against said liner, thereafter initially freezing (at least) only a central portion of said water bath while so confined to thereby increase the pressure of peripheral portion of unfrozen (said) water against said liner and plastically deform the liner into firm engagement with said steel element, whereby said increase in pressure is transmitted uniformly through said peripheral portion of unfrozen water.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
96 words
The method of firmly bonding a relatively ductile metal liner to a steel element comprising placing said liner and said element in assembled relationship with one closely encircling the other, providing a confined water bath against said liner, thereafter initially freezing (at least) only a central portion of said water bath while so confined to thereby increase the pressure of peripheral portion of unfrozen (said) water against said liner and plastically deform the liner into firm engagement with said steel element, whereby said increase in pressure is transmitted uniformly through said peripheral portion of unfrozen water.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
107 words
A method of bonding a thin aluminum liner to an outer steel shell comprising providing a steel shell having a first interior cavity, placing within said first interior cavity a closely fitting aluminum liner having a second interior cavity, filling said second interior cavity with water, initially freezing (at least) only a central portion of said water to cause an increase of pressure in peripheral portion of unfrozen (said) water thereby forcibly plastically expanding the aluminum liner into firm engagement with the steel shell, whereby upon warming said aluminum and said steel shell are urged into more firm engagement by the differential expansion of aluminum and steel.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
107 words
A method of bonding a thin aluminum liner to an outer steel shell comprising providing a steel shell having a first interior cavity, placing within said first interior cavity a closely fitting aluminum liner having a second interior cavity, filling said second interior cavity with water, initially freezing (at least) only a central portion of said water to cause an increase of pressure in peripheral portion of unfrozen (said) water thereby forcibly plastically expanding the aluminum liner into firm engagement with the steel shell, whereby upon warming said aluminum and said steel shell are urged into more firm engagement by the differential expansion of aluminum and steel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said aluminum liner is generally cylindrical and about 0.010 inch thick.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said pressure is up to about 2 kilobars.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said freezing is performed by refrigerant means immersed in said water.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said refrigerant means comprises liquid nitrogen.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-04-22 | 1983-10-22 | 1984-04-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-10-22 | 1988-04-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-04-22 | 1991-10-22 | 1992-04-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |