Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
243 words
Process for the manufacture of resinous products which comprises (a) reacting in a first step, at least one natural resinic acid with 7.5 to 12% by weight, referred to the weight of the natural resinic acids, of a formaldehyde at a superatmospheric pressure and at a temperature of from 100° to 200° C., (b) in a second stage, increasing the temperature to at least 200° C., but by at least 20° C., and continuing the reaction at atmospheric pressure to yield a partial esterified product having an acid number of 115 to 135, (c) reacting the reaction product obtained from (b) at a temperature of at least 200° C. with an amount of an alkaline-reacting calcium compound sufficient to yield a partial calcium salt having a calcium content of from 3.5 to 4% by weight, referred to the weight of the reaction product; (d) neutralizing any residual calcium compound by the addition of from 10 to 50% by weight, relative to the weight of the calcium compound added, of a saturated monocarboxylic acid having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature of at least 200° C. and simultaneously completing the salt formation by reaction to yield a reaction product having an acid number of from 20 to 40, the product (e 1 ) then being isolated or (e 2 ) being admixed with up to 5% by weight of natural resinic acids after at least one of stages (b) to (d).
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
243 words
Process for the manufacture of resinous products which comprises (a) reacting in a first step, at least one natural resinic acid with 7.5 to 12% by weight, referred to the weight of the natural resinic acids, of a formaldehyde at a superatmospheric pressure and at a temperature of from 100° to 200° C., (b) in a second stage, increasing the temperature to at least 200° C., but by at least 20° C., and continuing the reaction at atmospheric pressure to yield a partial esterified product having an acid number of 115 to 135, (c) reacting the reaction product obtained from (b) at a temperature of at least 200° C. with an amount of an alkaline-reacting calcium compound sufficient to yield a partial calcium salt having a calcium content of from 3.5 to 4% by weight, referred to the weight of the reaction product; (d) neutralizing any residual calcium compound by the addition of from 10 to 50% by weight, relative to the weight of the calcium compound added, of a saturated monocarboxylic acid having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature of at least 200° C. and simultaneously completing the salt formation by reaction to yield a reaction product having an acid number of from 20 to 40, the product (e 1 ) then being isolated or (e 2 ) being admixed with up to 5% by weight of natural resinic acids after at least one of stages (b) to (d).
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reaction of stage (a) is conducted at a temperature in the range from 125° to 200° C. and that each of the stages (b) and (c) is conducted at a temperature in the range from 200° to 280° C.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the temperature applied in stage (c) is not lower than that applied in stage (b).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the calcium compound reacted in stage (c) is selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and a mixture thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the calcium compound reacted in stage (c) is added in the form of a suspension in an organic solvent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the monocarboxylic acid reacted in stage (d) is acetic acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid reacted in stage (d) is added in admixture with the same solvent which is the suspension medium of the calcium compound.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the final product has a melting point of at least 130° C. (capillary method) and a viscosity between 50 and 600 mPa.s (in a 50% solution in toluene at 20° C.).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A printing ink binder containing as an essential ingredient a reaction product obtained according to the process of claim 1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A gravure ink composition in toluene containing as an essential ingredient a product obtained by a process of claim 1.