US4195051A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for preparing new polyester filaments
Assignee: EIDP Inc
•
Filing: 1978-10-05
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Granted: 1980-03-25
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Expires: 1998-10-05
Abstract
Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability, low boil-off shrinkage (even in as-spun condition), good thermal stability over a large temperature range; and useful as texturing feed yarns and/or as hard yarns requiring no further drawing are prepared by spinning at extremely high speeds, and are characterized by a long period spacing above 300 A in their as-spun condition, and, whether in as-spun condition or after heat-treatment, by a low skin-core value as measured by a differential birefringence in relation to their stress measured at 20% extension (which correlates approximately with the spinning speed), a large crystal size, and low amorphous orientation. The continuous filament yarns may be draw-textured to provide textured yarns which also show enhanced dyeability. The staple fiber yarns also have very useful properties as compared with conventional staple yarns. A preferred process of spinning at these extremely high speeds is characterized by the use of a spinneret with capillary-dimensions that produce high shear as the polyester is extruded, and is applicable also to copolyesters, whose filaments show a similar low skin-core in relation to their stress at 20% extension, the precise values for copolymers being different from the relationship for poly(ethylene terephthalate).
Inventors
- 👤 Hans R. E. Frankfort
- 👤 Benjamin H. Knox
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 02:36
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F6/00; D01F6/58; D01F6/62
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
120 words
In a process for melt-spinning ethylene terephthalate polyester and cooling in the atmosphere to solidify as filaments with a low differential birefringence between the surface and the core of such filaments, the improvement, when withdrawing the filaments at a speed (V in yards/minute) of at least about 5500 yards/minute, wherein the polymer temperature (T p ), measured (in °C.) in the filter pack at a point 50-100 mils above the center of the spinneret plate, is maintained above a minimum value depending on an exponential of the speed V and a function of the length (L) and diameter (D) (in mils) of the spinneret capillary and the throughput (w) (in pounds per hour) per capillary according to the relationship: ##EQU6##
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a process for melt-spinning ethylene terephthalate polyester and cooling in the atmosphere to solidify as filaments with a low differential birefringence between the surface and the core of such filaments, the improvement, when withdrawing the filaments at a speed (V in yards/minute) of at least about 5500 yards/minute, wherein the polymer temperature (T p ), measured (in °C.) in the filter pack at a point 50-100 mils above the center of the spinneret plate, is maintained above a minimum value depending on an exponential of the speed V and a function of the length (L) and diameter (D) (in mils) of the spinneret capillary and the throughput (w) (in pounds per hour) per capillary according to the relationship: ##EQU6##
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the speed (V) is at least about 7000 yards/minute.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the capillary diameter (D) is from 9 to 15 mils, and the length (L) is such that L/D 4 is from 20×10 -4 mils -3 to 100×10 -4 mils -3 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein Lw/D 4 is 9×10 -4 pph mils -3 to 45×10 -4 pph mils -3 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein filaments of denier per filament 4 to 7 are produced, and the emerging filaments are subjected to a flow of air at a rate of less than 4 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
47 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein filaments of less than 4 denier per filament are produced, and the emerging filaments are subjected to a flow of air at a rate of less than 6 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer temperature (T p ) is about 295° to about 305° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
184 words
In a process for melt spinning poly(ethylene terephthalate) and cooling in the atmosphere to solidify as filaments of denier less than 7 denier per filament with a low differential birefringence between the surface and the core of such filaments, the improvement, when withdrawing the filaments at a speed of about 5500 to about 8000 yards/minute, wherein the polymer temperature, measured at a point 50-100 mils above the center of the spinneret plate, is about 295° to about 305° C., and wherein Lw/D 4 is 9×10 -4 to 45×10 -4 pph mils -3 , where w is the throughput in pounds per hour per capillary, and L and D are the length and diameter of the capillary in mils, and D is from 9 to 15 mils, and the filaments are subjected to a flow of air at a rate of less than 6 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput, provided that the rate is less than 4 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput for filaments of 4 to 7 denier per filament.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
184 words
In a process for melt spinning poly(ethylene terephthalate) and cooling in the atmosphere to solidify as filaments of denier less than 7 denier per filament with a low differential birefringence between the surface and the core of such filaments, the improvement, when withdrawing the filaments at a speed of about 5500 to about 8000 yards/minute, wherein the polymer temperature, measured at a point 50-100 mils above the center of the spinneret plate, is about 295° to about 305° C., and wherein Lw/D 4 is 9×10 -4 to 45×10 -4 pph mils -3 , where w is the throughput in pounds per hour per capillary, and L and D are the length and diameter of the capillary in mils, and D is from 9 to 15 mils, and the filaments are subjected to a flow of air at a rate of less than 6 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput, provided that the rate is less than 4 standard cubic feet/minute per pound of polymer per hour of total throughput for filaments of 4 to 7 denier per filament.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
71 words
In a process for melt-spinning a continuous multifilament strand of polyester filaments of denier about 4 to 7 denier per filament, and withdrawing such filaments at a speed of at least 4700 meters/minute, the improvement comprising using a spinneret with an orifice capillary of diameter (D) from 9 to 15 mils, and a length (L) in mils such that L/D 4 is from 20×10 -4 to 70×10 -4 mils -3 .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
71 words
In a process for melt-spinning a continuous multifilament strand of polyester filaments of denier about 4 to 7 denier per filament, and withdrawing such filaments at a speed of at least 4700 meters/minute, the improvement comprising using a spinneret with an orifice capillary of diameter (D) from 9 to 15 mils, and a length (L) in mils such that L/D 4 is from 20×10 -4 to 70×10 -4 mils -3 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein the diameter (D) is from 9 to 11 mils.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the polymer at the wall of the orifice is at least 5° C. higher than the average temperature of the polymer at the orifice.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein the filaments are withdrawn at a speed of at least about 6000 meters/minute.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein the spinneret face and the emerging filaments are protected from turbulent eddies by a hollow tube which surrounds the emerging filaments.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 9, wherein a gas is introduced radially around the filament strand.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 14, wherein the gas is introduced through a foraminous tube with an outer plenum chamber.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 14, wherein the amount of gas is less than 4 standard cubic feet per minute per pound of polymer throughput per hour.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
75 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
75 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
72 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (σ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
72 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (σ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250ρ-1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a draw-texturing process, the improvement comprising using as feed yarn a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250ρ-1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
74 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
75 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential direfringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
75 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential direfringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
72 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (σ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
72 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (σ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250ρ-1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a process for preparing staple fiber, the improvement comprising using as the feed poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055+0.0014σ 20 , where σ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when σ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065σ 20 -0.0100, when σ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250ρ-1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-03-25 | 1983-09-24 | 1984-03-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-09-24 | 1988-03-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-03-25 | 1991-09-24 | 1992-03-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |