US4194856A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method for reducing frost heave of refrigerated gas pipelines
Assignee: ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
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Filing: 1978-08-31
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Granted: 1980-03-25
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Expires: 1998-08-31
Abstract
Abstract In order to prevent damage due to frost heaving of a refrigerated gas pipeline which traverses frost-susceptible soil resulting from horizontal ice lense formation beneath the pipeline, heat pipes are located in diametrically opposed pairs, one on either side of the pipeline. Frost bulbs are formed in the soil around each heat pipe adjacent to the pipeline, causing the horizontal ice lenses to be formed further below the pipeline. Heaving rate is reduced due to the lower temperature gradient in the vertical direction, a greater overburden above the horizontal ice lenses and a reduced water supply directly beneath the pipeline. Also, lateral expansion of the frost bulbs provides opposing horizontal forces to counteract the upward force of the horizontal ice lenses.
Inventors
- 👤 Hans O. Jahns
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 14:16
CPC Classifications
E; E02; E02D; E02D31/00; E02D31/10; E02D31/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
216 words
A method of limiting frost heaving of a buried refrigerated gas pipeline traversing frost-susceptible soil, said frost heaving being due to the upward force of a horizontal ice lense forming below said pipeline, which comprises: (a) forming a first plurality of holes in said soil on one side of said pipeline; (b) forming a second plurality of holes in said soil on the other side of said pipeline substantially opposite said first holes; (c) placing means for passively removing heat from said soil in said holes resulting in a plurality of substantially opposed pairs of heat removing means, each of said heat removing means being extended from a depth below that at which ice lenses would otherwise form to the atmosphere to transfer heat from the soil to the atmosphere; and (d) passively cooling the soil adjacent to said pipeline by means of said heat removing means, said heat removing means operating in pairs to (i) lower the depth at which said horizontal ice lense can form, (ii) reduce the amount of water in soil available to form said horizontal ice lenses, and (iii) form vertical frost bulbs in said soil surrounding said heat removing means on both sides of said pipeline such that opposing lateral forces are created which tend to counteract said upward force.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
216 words
A method of limiting frost heaving of a buried refrigerated gas pipeline traversing frost-susceptible soil, said frost heaving being due to the upward force of a horizontal ice lense forming below said pipeline, which comprises: (a) forming a first plurality of holes in said soil on one side of said pipeline; (b) forming a second plurality of holes in said soil on the other side of said pipeline substantially opposite said first holes; (c) placing means for passively removing heat from said soil in said holes resulting in a plurality of substantially opposed pairs of heat removing means, each of said heat removing means being extended from a depth below that at which ice lenses would otherwise form to the atmosphere to transfer heat from the soil to the atmosphere; and (d) passively cooling the soil adjacent to said pipeline by means of said heat removing means, said heat removing means operating in pairs to (i) lower the depth at which said horizontal ice lense can form, (ii) reduce the amount of water in soil available to form said horizontal ice lenses, and (iii) form vertical frost bulbs in said soil surrounding said heat removing means on both sides of said pipeline such that opposing lateral forces are created which tend to counteract said upward force.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said holes are spaced at from about 8 to about 12 foot intervals along the length of said pipeline and spaced no more than about 8 feet from the edge of said pipeline.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein step (d) is accomplished using heat pipes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 3 wherein said heat pipes are placed such that said frost bulbs merge together within from about 3 to about 18 months from beginning of heat pipe operation.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for reducing the frost heaving rate of a buried refrigerated gas pipeline surrounded by a first frost bulb containing an ice lense exerting an upward force on said pipeline which comprises: (a) installing pairs of substantially diametrically opposed heat pipes in the soil adjacent to and along the length of said pipeline, each pair being divided by said pipeline, each heat pipe being extended from the atmosphere to a depth below said ice lense to transfer heat from the adjacent soil to the atmosphere; and (b) passively cooling the soil around said heat pipes by means of said heat pipes such that long vertical frost bulbs form which grow to surround the portion of said heat pipes in the soil and which gradually merge with each other and with said first frost bulb, said heat pipe pairs operating together to lower the frost front beneath said pipeline thereby increasing the overburden pressure on said ice lense and to reduce the availability of water to form said ice lense.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
170 words
A method for reducing the frost heaving rate of a buried refrigerated gas pipeline surrounded by a first frost bulb containing an ice lense exerting an upward force on said pipeline which comprises: (a) installing pairs of substantially diametrically opposed heat pipes in the soil adjacent to and along the length of said pipeline, each pair being divided by said pipeline, each heat pipe being extended from the atmosphere to a depth below said ice lense to transfer heat from the adjacent soil to the atmosphere; and (b) passively cooling the soil around said heat pipes by means of said heat pipes such that long vertical frost bulbs form which grow to surround the portion of said heat pipes in the soil and which gradually merge with each other and with said first frost bulb, said heat pipe pairs operating together to lower the frost front beneath said pipeline thereby increasing the overburden pressure on said ice lense and to reduce the availability of water to form said ice lense.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said pipeline operates within a temperature range of about 10° F. to about 30° F.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said heat pipes are installed such that said frost bulbs merge within about 3 to about 18 months from beginning of heat pipe operation.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said heat pipes are capable of transferring heat from said soil to the surface with a temperature differential of less than about 0.5° F.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said heat pipes are installed to a depth of from about 30 to about 50 feet.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-03-25 | 1983-09-24 | 1984-03-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-03-25 | 1987-09-24 | 1988-03-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-03-25 | 1991-09-24 | 1992-03-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |