Fractionation in an adsorptive hydrocarbon separation process

Claim 2

In a process for the separation of chemical compounds wherein: (a) a feed stream is passed into a fixed bed of a solid adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs one component species contained in the feed stream; (b) a multi-component desorbent stream is passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream is passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (c) a multi-component flush stream is passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream or the desorbent stream are passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (d) an extract stream which is rich in the preferentially adsorbed component species and a raffinate stream are withdrawn from the bed of solid adsorbent; (e) a net fluid flow is maintained through the fixed bed of solid adsorbent, and the points at which the feed stream and the desorbent stream are passed into the bed of solid adsorbent and the points at which the extract stream and the raffinate stream are withdrawn from the bed of solid adsorbent are periodically moved in a unidirectional pattern which simulates the utilization of a moving bed of the adsorbent by gradually shifting the location of adsorption and desorption zones within the bed of solid adsorbent; (f) the extract stream is passed into a first fractionation column and separated into a first multi-component overhead fraction, a first multi-component sidecut fraction and a first bottoms fraction; (g) the raffinate stream is passed into a second fractionation column and separated into a second multi-component overhead fraction, a second multi-component sidecut fraction and a second bottoms fraction; the improvement which comprises: (i) passing the first sidecut fraction into a third fractionation column and therein separating the first sidecut fraction into a third bottoms fraction and a first overhead vapor stream which is passed into an intermediate point of the first fractionation column; (ii) passing the second sidecut fraction into a fourth fractionation column and therein separating the second sidecut fraction into a fourth bottoms fraction and a second overhead vapor stream which is passed into an intermediate point of the second fractionation column; and, (iii) passing in admixture at least a portion of each of the third and the fourth bottoms fractions into the bed of solid adsorbent as the previously specified flush stream of step (c).

Claim 3

A process for separating hydrocarbons which comprises the steps of: (a) passing a feed stream comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon having more than 9 carbon atoms per molecule, a normal paraffinic hydrocarbon having the same number of carbon atoms as the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, and a co-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon into a fixed bed of a solid adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate which preferentially adsorbs normal paraffinic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons and effecting the selective retention of the normal paraffinic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon within an adsorption zone within the bed of solid adsorbent; (b) passing a flush stream comprising a first and a second hydrocarbon into the bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream is passed into the bed of solid adsorbent; (c) passing a desorbent stream comprising the second hydrocarbon and a third hydrocarbon into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream or the flush stream are passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and through a desorption zone; (d) withdrawing an extract stream comprising the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon, the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (e) withdrawing a raffinate stream comprising the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, the co-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon, the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (f) simulating the utilization of a moving bed of the solid adsorbent by maintaining a net fluid flow through the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and by periodically moving in a unidirectional pattern the points at which the feed stream and the desorbent stream are passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and the points at which the extract stream and the raffinate stream are withdrawn from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent to gradually shift the location of the adsorption and desorption zones within the bed of solid adsorbent; (g) separating the extract stream in a first fractionation column into a first overhead fraction comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons, a first sidecut fraction comprising the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons and a first bottoms fraction comprising the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon; (h) separating the first sidecut fraction in a second fractionation column into a second bottoms fraction comprising the first and the second hydrocarbons and a first overhead vapor stream comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons; (i) passing the first overhead vapor stream into an intermediate point of the first fractionation column; (j) separating the raffinate stream in a third fractionation column into a second overhead fraction comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons, a second sidecut fraction comprising the first, the second, and the third hydrocarbons and a third bottoms fraction comprising the isoparaffinic hydrocarbons and the aromatic hydrocarbon; (k) separating the second sidecut fraction in a fourth fractionation column into a fourth bottoms fraction comprising the first and the second hydrocarbons and a second overhead vapor stream comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons; (l) passing the second overhead vapor stream into an intermediate point of the third fractionation column; (m) passing in admixture at least a portion of each of the third and the fourth bottoms fractions into the bed of solid adsorbent as the flush stream referred to in step (b); and, (n) passing in admixture at least a portion of each of the first and the second overhead fractions into the bed of solid adsorbent as the desorbent stream referred to in step (c).

Claim 4

A process for separating hydrocarbons which comprises the steps of: (a) passing a feed stream comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon having more than 9 carbon atoms per molecule, a normal paraffinic hydrocarbon having the same number of carbon atoms as the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, and a co-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon into a fixed bed of a solid adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate which preferentially adsorbs normal paraffinic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons and effecting the selective retention of the normal paraffinic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon within an adsorption zone within the bed of solid adsorbent; (b) passing a flush stream comprising a first and a second hydrocarbon into the bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream is passed into the bed of solid adsorbent; (c) passing a desorbent stream comprising the second hydrocarbon and a third hydrocarbon into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent at a different point than the feed stream or the flush stream are passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and through a desorption zone; (d) withdrawing an extract stream comprising the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon, the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (e) withdrawing a raffinate stream comprising the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, the co-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon, the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent; (f) simulating the utilization of a moving bed of the solid adsorbent by maintaining a net fluid flow through the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and by periodically moving in a unidirectional pattern the points at which the feed stream and the desorbent stream are passed into the fixed bed of solid adsorbent and the points at which the extract stream and the raffinate stream are withdrawn from the fixed bed of solid adsorbent to gradually shift the location of the adsorption and desorption zones within the bed of solid adsorbent; (g) separating the extract stream in a first fractionation column into a first overhead fraction comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons, a first sidecut fraction comprising the first, the second and the third hydrocarbons and a first bottoms fraction comprising the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon; (h) separating the first sidecut fraction in a second fractionation column into a second bottoms fraction comprising the first and the second hydrocarbons and a first overhead vapor stream comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons; (i) passing the first overhead vapor stream into an intermediate point of the first fractionation column; (j) separating the raffinate stream in a third fractionation column into a second overhead fraction comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons, a second sidecut fraction comprising the first, the second, and the third hydrocarbons and a third bottoms fraction comprising the isoparaffinic hydrocarbons and the aromatic hydrocarbon; (k) separating the second sidecut fraction in a fourth fractionation column into a fourth bottoms fraction comprising the first and the second hydrocarbons and a second overhead vapor stream comprising the second and the third hydrocarbons; (l) passing the second overhead vapor stream into an intermediate point of the third fractionation column; (m) passing in admixture at least a portion of each of the third and the fourth bottoms fractions into the bed of solid adsorbent as the flush stream referred to in step (b); and, (n) passing in admixture at least a portion of each of the first and the second overhead fractions into the bed of solid adsorbent as the desorbent stream referred to in step (c).

Claim 5

The process of claim 2 further characterized in that the first hydrocarbon is an aromatic hydrocarbon having at least two less carbon atoms per molecule than the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon.

Claim 6

The process of claim 3 further characterized in that the second hydrocarbon is an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon having the same number of carbon atoms as the first hydrocarbon.

Claim 7

The process of claim 4 further characterized in that the third hydrocarbon is a normal paraffinic hydrocarbon having at least two less carbon atoms per molecule than the second hydrocarbon.

Claim 8

The process of claim 5 further characterized in that the preferentially adsorbed normal paraffinic hydrocarbon has from 10 to 14 carbon atoms per molecule.