US4183918A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Detoxifying-medicinal emulsions
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
•
Filing: 1978-02-13
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Granted: 1980-01-15
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Expires: 1998-02-13
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to the use of liquid membrane technology in preparing medicinals. The medicinals prepared by this invention may be ingested and may be utilized as traps for toxins present in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, or as slow-release compositions of drugs, or as reactors. In the trap embodiment, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinal is an emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is immiscible with the liquids present in the GI tract and permeable to the toxins therein, and an interior phase which is immiscible with the exterior phase and comprises a reagent capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form. In addition, hydrophilic adsorbents, such as a hydrophilic carbon or a silica gel, may be encapsulated in the emulsions of the instant invention. When the compositions of the instant invention are utilized as slow-release drugs, the interior phase of the emulsion will comprise a drug which is slightly soluble in the exterior phase of the emulsion whereby said drug permeates through said exterior phase of the emulsion over a period of time into the GI tract. The third method for utilizing the compositions of the instant invention comprises encapsulating a catalyst for a reaction which is desired to be carried out in the GI tract. In this embodiment the reactants present in the GI tract permeate through the exterior phase of the emulsion into an interior phase wherein said catalyst, for example, an enzyme, converts the permeated reactants to reaction products. The reaction products then may permeate through the exterior phase back into the GI tract. In all cases, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinals may be administered by either oral ingestion or injection anywhere else into the GI tract.
Inventors
- 👤 William J. Asher
- 👤 Norman N. Li
- 👤 Adam L. Shrier
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 05:41
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61M; A61M1/00; A61M1/36; A61M1/3687; A61K; A61K9/00; A61K9/10; A61K9/107
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 75
Claim 1
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen then normal saturation, per fluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR7## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a reactant capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said toxin permeates the exterior phase of said emulsion into said interior phase and is converted into a nonpermeable form.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
248 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen then normal saturation, per fluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR7## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a reactant capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said toxin permeates the exterior phase of said emulsion into said interior phase and is converted into a nonpermeable form.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said emulsion is suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said emulsion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 2 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion to improve said emulsion's stability.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said oil component is a hydrocarbon oil refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 4 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said strengthening agent is included in said emulsions exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase but not more than 5 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 4 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 10 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 7 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said toxin is ammonia.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said reactant is an acid.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 10 wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 8 wherein said strengthening agent comprises a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR8## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 12 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
250 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR9## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a nontoxin, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said toxin permeates said exterior phase and is converted into a nontoxin in said interior phase.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
250 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR9## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a nontoxin, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said toxin permeates said exterior phase and is converted into a nontoxin in said interior phase.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 14 wherein said emulsion is suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said emulsion.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 15 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion to improve said emulsion's stability.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 16 wherein said nontoxin permeates from the interior phase of said emulsion into said gastrointestinal tract.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 17 wherein said interior phase is aqueous and comprises an enzyme.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 15 wherein said oil component is a hydrocarbon oil refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 19 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process of claim 20 wherein said strengthening agent is included in said emulsions exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase, but not more than 5 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 19 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 10 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 22 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 23 wherein said strengthening agent comprises a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR10## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 24 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
510 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing in said tract a first emulsion, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR11## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a reaction product, providing a second emulsion in said tract, said second emulsion comprising a second interior phase surrounded by a second exterior phase, said second exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said reaction product, said second exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR12## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a reactant which is capable of converting said reaction product into a nonpermeable form, whereby said toxin permeates said exterior phase of the first emulsion and is converted into said reaction product in said first emulsion's interior phase, said reaction product permeates from the interior phase of said first emulsion into said gastrointestinal tract and said reaction product permeates said second exterior phase and is converted to said nonpermeable form in said second interior phase wherein said first and second emulsions are further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
510 words
A method for removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract which comprises providing in said tract a first emulsion, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR11## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a reaction product, providing a second emulsion in said tract, said second emulsion comprising a second interior phase surrounded by a second exterior phase, said second exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said reaction product, said second exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component being present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component having a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR12## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a reactant which is capable of converting said reaction product into a nonpermeable form, whereby said toxin permeates said exterior phase of the first emulsion and is converted into said reaction product in said first emulsion's interior phase, said reaction product permeates from the interior phase of said first emulsion into said gastrointestinal tract and said reaction product permeates said second exterior phase and is converted to said nonpermeable form in said second interior phase wherein said first and second emulsions are further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process of claim 26 wherein said first and second emulsions are suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said first emulsion.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 27 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said first and second emulsion to improve said emulsions' stabilities.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 28 wherein the interior phase of said first emulsion is aqueous and contains urease as the catalyst and said toxin is urea.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 28 wherein said strengthening agent of said first emulsion's exterior phase and said second emulsion's exterior phase comprise a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR13## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 30 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
218 words
A process for the converting of undigested compositions present in the gastrointestinal tract to digested compositions which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract which comprises an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said undigested compositions, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil compound and said oil-soluble surfactant component are harmless to the human body, and said oil component having a viscosity between 2 and 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature, and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than at normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR14## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst capable of converting said undigested composition into said digested composition, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said undigested composition permeates the exterior phase of said emulsion into said interior phase where it is converted into said digested composition.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
218 words
A process for the converting of undigested compositions present in the gastrointestinal tract to digested compositions which comprises providing an emulsion in said gastrointestinal tract which comprises an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase being immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said undigested compositions, said exterior phase comprising an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil compound and said oil-soluble surfactant component are harmless to the human body, and said oil component having a viscosity between 2 and 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature, and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than at normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR14## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst capable of converting said undigested composition into said digested composition, said emulsion being further characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, whereby said undigested composition permeates the exterior phase of said emulsion into said interior phase where it is converted into said digested composition.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 32 wherein said emulsion is suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said emulsion.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 33 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion to improve said emulsion's stability.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 33 wherein said oil component is a hydrocarbon oil refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 35 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process of claim 36 wherein said strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase but not more than 5 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 35 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 10 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 38 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 39 wherein said interior phase is aqueous, said catalyst is amylase, and said undigested composition is a starch.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 39 wherein said interior phase is aqueous, said catalyst is lipase and said undigested composition is selected from the group of triglycerides.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 39 wherein said interior phase is aqueous, said catalyst is lactase and said undigested composition is lactose.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 39 wherein said interior phase is aqueous, said undigested composition is a protein and said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic enzymes and mixtures thereof.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 39 wherein said strengthening agent comprises a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR15## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 44 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
208 words
An emulsion useful in removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract and which is characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, which comprises an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase is immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprises an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component has a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR16## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and said interior comprises a reactant capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
208 words
An emulsion useful in removing a toxin from the gastrointestinal tract and which is characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, which comprises an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase is immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprises an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component has a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR16## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and said interior comprises a reactant capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
33 words
The emulsion of claim 46 wherein said emulsion is suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said emulsion.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
19 words
The emulsion of claim 47 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion to improve said emulsion's stability.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
36 words
The emulsion of claim 47 wherein said oil component is a hydrocarbon oil refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, and aromatics.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
34 words
The emulsion of claim 49 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
45 words
The emulsion of claim 50 wherein said strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase but not more than 5 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
44 words
The emulsion of claim 49 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 10 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
34 words
The emulsion of claim 52 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
10 words
The emulsion of claim 53 wherein said toxin is ammonia.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
11 words
The emulsion of claim 54 wherein said reactant is an acid.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
50 words
The emulsion of claim 53 wherein said strengthening agent comprises a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR17## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 56 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
227 words
An emulsion useful for converting a toxin present in the gastrointestinal tract into a nontoxin which emulsion is characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase is immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprises an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil-component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component has a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR18## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a nontoxin.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
227 words
An emulsion useful for converting a toxin present in the gastrointestinal tract into a nontoxin which emulsion is characterized as being stable in said gastrointestinal tract, said emulsion comprising an interior phase surrounded by an exterior phase, said exterior phase is immiscible with the aqueous environment of said gastrointestinal tract and permeable to said toxin, said exterior phase comprises an oil-soluble surfactant component and an oil-component, said oil-soluble surfactant component and said oil component are harmless to the human body, said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 90 wt. % of said exterior phase, said oil component has a viscosity between about 2 and about 1,000 centistokes at normal body temperature and is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and animal fats that are heavily hydrogenated to contain at least 10% more hydrogen than normal saturation, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, silicone fluids containing the repeating unit ##STR18## and hydrocarbon oils refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprising molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics, and said interior phase being immiscible with said exterior phase and comprises a catalyst which is insoluble in said exterior phase and capable of converting said toxin into a nontoxin.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
33 words
The emulsion of claim 58 wherein said emulsion is suspended in a liquid which is not harmful to the human body and said liquid is immiscible with said exterior phase of said emulsion.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
19 words
The emulsion of claim 59 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion to improve said emulsion's stability.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
15 words
The emulsion of claim 60 wherein said interior phase is aqueous and comprises an enzyme.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
36 words
The emulsion of claim 59 wherein said oil component is a hydrocarbon oil refined to remove toxic ingredients and comprises molecular weights up to 1,000, selected from the group consisting of paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes and aromatics.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
34 words
The emulsion of claim 62 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
45 words
The emulsion of claim 63 wherein said strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase but not more than 5 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
44 words
The emulsion of claim 62 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component is present in said exterior phase from about 0.01 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said surfactant in said exterior phase but not more than 10 wt. % of said exterior phase.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
34 words
The emulsion of claim 65 wherein a strengthening agent is included in said emulsion's exterior phase from about 2 wt. % up to the solubility limit of said strengthening agent in said exterior phase.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
15 words
The emulsion of claim 66 wherein said interior phase is aqueous and comprises an enzyme.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
50 words
The emulsion of claim 66 wherein said strengthening agent comprises a polyamine derivative having the general formula: ##STR19## wherein n varies from 10 to 60, x varies from 3 to 10, and y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and oxygen-containing hydrocarbyl radicals having up to 10 carbons.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 68 wherein said oil-soluble surfactant component comprises said polyamine derivative.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4115313A
Cited
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1983-01-14 | 1983-07-16 | 1984-01-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1987-01-14 | 1987-07-16 | 1988-01-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1991-01-14 | 1991-07-16 | 1992-01-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |