US4179919A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Terrain contour tracking system
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
•
Filing: 1978-09-18
•
Granted: 1979-12-25
•
Expires: 1998-09-18
Abstract
Abstract An analog surface profile follower and indicator system is disclosed whichneumatically senses and follows the gradients occurring in the surface of either the earth's terrain or a modelboard by means of a pneumatic probe and negative feedback control sub-system which maintains said pneumatic probe at a predetermined distance from the terrain or modelboard surface being sensed at any given instant, as the entire profile follower system is moved in such manner as to effect a desired traverse thereof by any suitable carrier vehicle. A probe position pick-off is effectively connected to the aforesaid negative feedback control subsystem and supplies an analog signal to an appropriate readout which, in turn, indicates the position of said pneumatic probe with respect to a predetermined datum, thereby effectively indicating the surface irregularities of the aforesaid terrain or modelboard.
Inventors
- 👤 John C. McKechnie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 04:11
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01D; G01D5/00; G01D5/42; G01D5/425; G01B; G01B13/00; G01B13/16; G01C; G01C7/00; G01C7/02; G01C7/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
362 words
A terrain contour tracking system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe adapted for effectively sensing the distance between itself and a surface whose profile is being tracked and measured, said pneumatic probe having a constant pressue pneumatic input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic nozzle output directed toward the aforesaid surface, and a pneumatic control output; a pneumatic actuator having a constant air pressure input, a pneumatic control input, and a pair of pneumatic outputs, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to the pneumatic control output of the aforesaid pneumatic probe, with one of the outputs thereof capable of producing air at a predetermined pressure only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof is less than a first preset pressure, with the other output thereof capable of producing air at a predetermined pressure only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof is greater than a second preset pressure, and with neither output thereof capable of producing air under pressure when the pressure of the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof falls between said first and second preset pressures; a pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches connected to the outputs of said pneumatic actuator; a negative direct current voltage connected to the movable arm of one of said pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; a positive direct current voltage connected to the movable arm of the other of said pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; a voltage divider network having a pair of input terminals and a center tap output, the input terminals of which are respectively connected to the open contacts of the aforesaid pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; an integrator connected to the center tap output of said voltage divider network; and means effectively connected between the output of said integrator and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for moving said pneumatic probe toward and away from the surfae whose profile is being tracked and measured whenever the air supplied to the pneumatic control input of said pneumatic actuator by said pneumatic probe is less than said first preset pressure and greater than said second preset pressure, respectively.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
362 words
A terrain contour tracking system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe adapted for effectively sensing the distance between itself and a surface whose profile is being tracked and measured, said pneumatic probe having a constant pressue pneumatic input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic nozzle output directed toward the aforesaid surface, and a pneumatic control output; a pneumatic actuator having a constant air pressure input, a pneumatic control input, and a pair of pneumatic outputs, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to the pneumatic control output of the aforesaid pneumatic probe, with one of the outputs thereof capable of producing air at a predetermined pressure only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof is less than a first preset pressure, with the other output thereof capable of producing air at a predetermined pressure only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof is greater than a second preset pressure, and with neither output thereof capable of producing air under pressure when the pressure of the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input thereof falls between said first and second preset pressures; a pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches connected to the outputs of said pneumatic actuator; a negative direct current voltage connected to the movable arm of one of said pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; a positive direct current voltage connected to the movable arm of the other of said pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; a voltage divider network having a pair of input terminals and a center tap output, the input terminals of which are respectively connected to the open contacts of the aforesaid pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; an integrator connected to the center tap output of said voltage divider network; and means effectively connected between the output of said integrator and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for moving said pneumatic probe toward and away from the surfae whose profile is being tracked and measured whenever the air supplied to the pneumatic control input of said pneumatic actuator by said pneumatic probe is less than said first preset pressure and greater than said second preset pressure, respectively.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said surface to be tracked and measured comprises a model board surface.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said surface to be tracked and measured comprises a predetermined terrain surface.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said pneumatic actuator comprises a single-throw-double-pole pneumatic relay.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
64 words
The device of claim 1, wherein each of said pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches connected to the outputs of said pneumatic actuator comprises: a diaphragm actuator; and a single-pole-single-throw switch, with the throw thereof connected to the output of its respective diaphragm actuator in such manner as to close said normally open switch upon the pneumatic enabling of its respective diaphragm actuator.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
112 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said voltage divider network comprises: a first resistance having a pair of terminals, with one of the terminals thereof connected to the open contact of one of said pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches; and a second resistance the resistance of which is substantially identical to said first resistance, said second resistance having a pair of terminals, with one of the terminals thereof connected to the open contact of the other of said pair of pneumatically actuated, normally open switches, and with the other terminal thereof connected to the other terminal of said first resistance, so as to effect a center tap output junction thereat.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said integrator connected to the center tap output of said voltage divider comprises a lowpass filter.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
60 words
The device of claim 1, wherein said integrator connected to the center tap output of said voltage divider comprises: a variable resistor having a pair of terminals, with one of the terminals thereof connected to the center tap output of said voltage divider; a ground; and a capacitance connected between the other terminal of said variable resistor and said ground.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
42 words
The invention of claim 1, further characterized by means effectively connected to said pneumatic probe moving means for reading out the profile of the surface being tracked and measured in terms of predetermined dimensional units with respect to a predetermined reference datum.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
45 words
The invention of claim 1, further characterized by means effectively connected to said terrain contour tracking system for the moving thereof in such manner as to cause it to traverse a predetermined path located in contiguous disposition with the surface to be tracked and measured.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 10, wherein said surface tracking and measuring system moving means comprises a carrier vehicle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 10, wherein said surface profile tracking and measuring system moving means comprises a gantry.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
The device of claim 10, wherein said surface profile tracking and measuring system moving means comprises a platform.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The device of claim 10, wherein said surface profile tracking and measuring system moving means includes a fixed support structure.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
344 words
A surface profile follower and measuring system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe adapted for effectively sensing the distance therebetween and a surface whose profile is being followed and measured, said pneumatic probe having a constant pressure pneumatic input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic nozzle output directed toward the aforesaid surface, and a pneumatic control output; a pneumatic relay having a constant air pressure input, a pneumatic control input connected to the pneumatic control output of said pneumatic probe, and a pair of electrical outputs, one of which produces a first electrical signal at the output thereof only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input is less than a first preset pressure, the other of which produces a second electrical signal at the output thereof only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input is greater than a second preset pressure, and neither of which produces an electrical signal at the outputs thereof when the pressure of the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input falls between said first and second preset pressures; a smoothing circuit connected to the output of said pneumatic relay; means effectively connected between the output of said smoothing circuit and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for moving said pneumatic probe toward and away from the surface whose profile is being followed and measured whenever the air supplied to the pneumatic control input of said pneumatic relay by said pneumatic probe is less than said first preset pressure and greater than said second preset pressure, respectively; a predetermined support structure effectively connected to said surface profile follower and measuring system for effecting the movement thereof across any predetermined surface whose profile is being followed and measured; and means effectively connected to the aforesaid pneumatic probe moving means for continuously picking off and continuously reading out an analog signal therefrom in terms of the distance of the aforesaid pneumatic probe from an imaginary reference datum that, in turn, is a predetermined distance from the surface whose profile is being followed and measured.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
344 words
A surface profile follower and measuring system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe adapted for effectively sensing the distance therebetween and a surface whose profile is being followed and measured, said pneumatic probe having a constant pressure pneumatic input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic nozzle output directed toward the aforesaid surface, and a pneumatic control output; a pneumatic relay having a constant air pressure input, a pneumatic control input connected to the pneumatic control output of said pneumatic probe, and a pair of electrical outputs, one of which produces a first electrical signal at the output thereof only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input is less than a first preset pressure, the other of which produces a second electrical signal at the output thereof only when the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input is greater than a second preset pressure, and neither of which produces an electrical signal at the outputs thereof when the pressure of the air received at the aforesaid pneumatic control input falls between said first and second preset pressures; a smoothing circuit connected to the output of said pneumatic relay; means effectively connected between the output of said smoothing circuit and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for moving said pneumatic probe toward and away from the surface whose profile is being followed and measured whenever the air supplied to the pneumatic control input of said pneumatic relay by said pneumatic probe is less than said first preset pressure and greater than said second preset pressure, respectively; a predetermined support structure effectively connected to said surface profile follower and measuring system for effecting the movement thereof across any predetermined surface whose profile is being followed and measured; and means effectively connected to the aforesaid pneumatic probe moving means for continuously picking off and continuously reading out an analog signal therefrom in terms of the distance of the aforesaid pneumatic probe from an imaginary reference datum that, in turn, is a predetermined distance from the surface whose profile is being followed and measured.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
The device of claim 15, wherein said predetermined support structure comprises a controllable carrier vehicle.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
319 words
A surface contour tracking system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe having a constant pressure air input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic control output, and an air nozzle output; a regulated air supply connected to the constant pressure air input of said pneumatic probe; a programmed pneumatic actuator having a constant pressure air input connected to the output of said regulated air supply, a control input connected to the pneumatic control output of said pneumatic probe, and a pair of pneumatic outputs; a positive direct current voltage source; a negative direct current voltage source; a first normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switch having a pneumatic input and a pair of electrical terminals, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to one of the pneumatic outputs of said programmed pneumatic actuator, and with one of the electrical terminals thereof connected to the aforesaid positive direct current voltage source; a second normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switch having a pneumatic input and a pair of electrical terminals, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to the other of the pneumatic outputs of said programmed pneumatic actuator, and with one of the electrical terminals thereof connected to the aforesaid negative direct current voltage source; a pair of series connected resistors connected between the other electrical terminals of said first and second normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switches, with said pair of series connected resistors having a common junction; a low-pass filter connected to the common junction of said pair of series connected resistors; amplifier means connected to the output of said low-pass filter; a reversible motor connected to the output of said amplifier means; and means connected between the output of said reversible drive motor and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for effecting the movement thereof toward and away from the surface whose contour is being tracked in inverse proportion with the pneumatic control output pressure from the aforesaid pneumatic probe.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
319 words
A surface contour tracking system, comprising in combination: a pneumatic probe having a constant pressure air input, a mechanical input, a pneumatic control output, and an air nozzle output; a regulated air supply connected to the constant pressure air input of said pneumatic probe; a programmed pneumatic actuator having a constant pressure air input connected to the output of said regulated air supply, a control input connected to the pneumatic control output of said pneumatic probe, and a pair of pneumatic outputs; a positive direct current voltage source; a negative direct current voltage source; a first normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switch having a pneumatic input and a pair of electrical terminals, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to one of the pneumatic outputs of said programmed pneumatic actuator, and with one of the electrical terminals thereof connected to the aforesaid positive direct current voltage source; a second normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switch having a pneumatic input and a pair of electrical terminals, with the pneumatic input thereof connected to the other of the pneumatic outputs of said programmed pneumatic actuator, and with one of the electrical terminals thereof connected to the aforesaid negative direct current voltage source; a pair of series connected resistors connected between the other electrical terminals of said first and second normally open, pneumatically actuable electrical switches, with said pair of series connected resistors having a common junction; a low-pass filter connected to the common junction of said pair of series connected resistors; amplifier means connected to the output of said low-pass filter; a reversible motor connected to the output of said amplifier means; and means connected between the output of said reversible drive motor and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for effecting the movement thereof toward and away from the surface whose contour is being tracked in inverse proportion with the pneumatic control output pressure from the aforesaid pneumatic probe.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
The device of claim 17, wherein said low-pass filter comprises: an adjustable resistance; a ground; and a capacitance connected between said adjustable resistance and said ground.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
The device of claim 17, wherein said amplifier means comprises: an operational amplifier; and a power amplifier connected to the output of said operational amplifier.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
63 words
The device of claim 17, wherein said means connected between the output of said reversible motor and the mechanical input of the aforesaid pneumatic probe for effecting the movement thereof toward and away from the surface whose contour is being tracked in inverse proportion with the pneumatic control output pressure from the aforesaid pneumatic probe comprises a worm and pinion gear drive mechanism.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
The device of claim 17, further characterized by a regulated air supply connected to the constant pressure air inputs of said pneumatic probe and the aforesaid programmed actuator for supplying air at a predetermined pressure thereto.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
The invention of claim 17, further characterized by means effectively connected between said surface contour system and the surface whose contour is being tracked for providing relative movement therebetween.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
52 words
The invention of claim 17, further characterized by a readout connected to said pneumatic probe movement effecting means for continuously reading out the movement thereof in terms of the distance thereof from a hypothetical reference datum that, in turn, is a predetermined distance f rom the surface whose contour is being measured.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3470739A
Cited
SU504525A1
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-12-24 | 1983-06-25 | 1983-12-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-12-24 | 1987-06-25 | 1987-12-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-12-24 | 1991-06-25 | 1991-12-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |