US4164643A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Energy-efficient bi-radiant oven system
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1978-03-06
•
Granted: 1979-08-14
•
Expires: 1998-03-06
Abstract
Abstract A domestic electric baking oven system utilizing upper and lower independently controlled low temperature, low wattage radiant heating elements which radiate heat directly to a food product and to a baking pan bottom. The system efficiently couples the two radiant heat energy sources to the product by utilizing interior oven cavity walls that are highly reflective of radiant energy and a baking pan member that is highly absorptive of radiant energy. The system accomplishes shorter baking times and reduction in energy consumption while maintaining quality levels in the baked product.
Inventors
- 👤 M. Virginia Peart
- 👤 David P. DeWitt
- 👤 Susan T. Kern
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 16:24
CPC Classifications
F; F24; F24C; F24C7/00; F24C7/04; F24C7/046; F24C15/00; F24C15/005
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
265 words
An oven system comprising an oven cavity having inner top, bottom and side walls forming said cavity, one of said side walls having a door therein, a horizontal food product supporting rack member mounted within said cavity, wherein the improvement comprises: an upper infrared radiant heat element mounted to one of said walls, said upper element being located above said food product supporting rack member; a lower infrared radiant heat element mounted to one of said walls, said lower element being located below said food product supporting rack member; said oven cavity walls having a low emissivity E and thus being highly reflective of infrared radiant heat energy; a baking pan member within said oven cavity and positioned upon said food supporting rack member, the lower portion of said baking pan member having a high emissivity E and thus being highly absorptive of infrared radiant heat energy; wherein said oven system has means for supplying infrared radiant energy directly to said baking pan member and a food product within said oven cavity from said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements; said oven system including control means for independently and simultaneously supplying power to said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements and for adjusting said upper element to a first power setting and said lower element to a second power setting; said upper infrared radiant heat element having a higher wattage rating than said lower infrared radiant heat element thus supplying more infrared radiant power to the top of a food product to counter the effect of evaporative heat losses during the baking process.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
265 words
An oven system comprising an oven cavity having inner top, bottom and side walls forming said cavity, one of said side walls having a door therein, a horizontal food product supporting rack member mounted within said cavity, wherein the improvement comprises: an upper infrared radiant heat element mounted to one of said walls, said upper element being located above said food product supporting rack member; a lower infrared radiant heat element mounted to one of said walls, said lower element being located below said food product supporting rack member; said oven cavity walls having a low emissivity E and thus being highly reflective of infrared radiant heat energy; a baking pan member within said oven cavity and positioned upon said food supporting rack member, the lower portion of said baking pan member having a high emissivity E and thus being highly absorptive of infrared radiant heat energy; wherein said oven system has means for supplying infrared radiant energy directly to said baking pan member and a food product within said oven cavity from said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements; said oven system including control means for independently and simultaneously supplying power to said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements and for adjusting said upper element to a first power setting and said lower element to a second power setting; said upper infrared radiant heat element having a higher wattage rating than said lower infrared radiant heat element thus supplying more infrared radiant power to the top of a food product to counter the effect of evaporative heat losses during the baking process.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said upper and lower infrared radient heat elements are electrical resistance heaters.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said upper infrared radiant heat element has a maximum wattage rating of 1000 watts.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said lower infrared radiant heat element has a maximum wattage rating of 500 watts.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said control means includes means for providing continuous operation of said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements during the baking process thereby avoiding on-off cycling of said elements during operation of said oven system.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said upper and lower infrared radiant heat elements are in direct radiant heat transfer contact with said food product and said baking pan lower portion.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said oven cavity walls have an emissivity E value of less than 0.10.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The oven system of claim 7 wherein said lower portion of said baking pan member has an emissivity E value greater than 0.70.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The oven system of claim 1 wherein said oven cavity walls are constructed of shiny aluminum metal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The oven system of claim 9 wherein said baking pan lower portion is constructed of black coated aluminum metal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The oven system of claim 1 including means whereby said upper infrared radiant heat element attains a maximum operating temperature of 400° C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The oven system of claim 1 including means whereby said lower infrared radiant heat element attains a maximum operating temperature of 200° C.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-08-13 | 1983-02-12 | 1983-08-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-08-13 | 1987-02-12 | 1987-08-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-08-13 | 1991-02-12 | 1991-08-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |