US4162298A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of immobilizing carbon dioxide from gas streams
Assignee: United States Department of Energy
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Filing: 1978-08-09
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Granted: 1979-07-24
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Expires: 1998-08-09
Abstract
Abstract This invention is a method for rapidly and continuously immobilizing carbon dioxide contained in various industrial off-gas streams, the carbon dioxide being immobilized as dry, stable, and substantially water-insoluble particulates. Briefly, the method comprises passing the gas stream through a fixed or fluidized bed of hydrated barium hydroxide to remove and immobilize the carbon dioxide by converting the bed to barium carbonate. The method has several important advantages: it can be conducted effectively at ambient temperature; it provides a very rapid reaction rate over a wide range of carbon dioxide concentrations; it provides high decontamination factors; and it has a high capacity for carbon dioxide.
Inventors
- 👤 David W. Holladay
- 👤 Gary L. Haag
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 04:38
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D53/00; B01D53/34; B01D53/46; B01D53/62; Y; Y02; Y02C; Y02C20/00; Y02C20/40
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
In the operation of a nuclear facility which generates an off-gas including carbon dioxide containing fission-product radioactive carbon as a constituent, the method of removing said carbon dioxide and immobilizing the same in dry, stable, and substantially water-insoluble form, said method comprising (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, and (b) directing said off-gas through said bed while introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount effecting conversion of at least 75% of said bed to barium carbonate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
In the operation of a nuclear facility which generates an off-gas including carbon dioxide containing fission-product radioactive carbon as a constituent, the method of removing said carbon dioxide and immobilizing the same in dry, stable, and substantially water-insoluble form, said method comprising (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, and (b) directing said off-gas through said bed while introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount effecting conversion of at least 75% of said bed to barium carbonate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said off-gas and said bed are contacted at a temperature in the range of from ambient temperature to about 105° C.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said water vapor is present in the amount of from 10 to 100% of the saturation value for said off-gas.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide in said off-gas is below 1% and wherein said off-gas is passed through said bed at a flow rate sufficient to fluidize the same.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
88 words
In the operation of a nuclear facility which generates an off-gas including carbon dioxide containing fission-product radioactive carbon as a constituent, the method of disposing of said carbon dioxide which comprises: (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, (b) directing said off-gas through said bed while introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount effecting conversion of at least 90% of said bed to barium carbonate, (c) encapsulating the resulting barium carbonate in a matrix material for storage, and (d) storing the encapsulated barium carbonate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
88 words
In the operation of a nuclear facility which generates an off-gas including carbon dioxide containing fission-product radioactive carbon as a constituent, the method of disposing of said carbon dioxide which comprises: (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, (b) directing said off-gas through said bed while introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount effecting conversion of at least 90% of said bed to barium carbonate, (c) encapsulating the resulting barium carbonate in a matrix material for storage, and (d) storing the encapsulated barium carbonate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
82 words
In the operation of an industrial facility which generates an off-gas stream containing carbon dioxide, the method of removing said carbon dioxide comprising: (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, (b) directing said stream through said bed while continuously introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount corresponding to from 10 to 100% of the saturation-value for said stream to effect conversion of said bed to barium carbonate, and (c) continuously withdrawing the resulting carbon-dioxide-depleted stream from said bed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
82 words
In the operation of an industrial facility which generates an off-gas stream containing carbon dioxide, the method of removing said carbon dioxide comprising: (a) providing a bed of particulate barium hydroxide monohydrate, (b) directing said stream through said bed while continuously introducing water vapor to said bed in an amount corresponding to from 10 to 100% of the saturation-value for said stream to effect conversion of said bed to barium carbonate, and (c) continuously withdrawing the resulting carbon-dioxide-depleted stream from said bed.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 6 wherein said stream and said bed are contacted at ambient temperature.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 6 wherein said stream is passed through said bed at a flow rate fluidizing said bed.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 6 wherein the carbon dioxide content of said feed stream is below 1%.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 6 wherein said feed stream also contains iodine.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3847837A
Cited
US4039620A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-07-23 | 1983-01-22 | 1983-07-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-07-23 | 1987-01-22 | 1987-07-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-07-23 | 1991-01-22 | 1991-07-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |