US4162233A
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Isomerization-alkylation systems comprising a Gr. III A Lewis acid and a non-reactive aprotic solvent
Assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Filing: 1978-03-22
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Granted: 1979-07-24
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Expires: 1998-03-22
Abstract
Abstract Novel acid systems are disclosed which are characterized as being capable of stabilizing high concentrations of tertiary cations, e.g., t-butyl cation, and further characterized as capable of forming carbonium ion salts containing both dimeric and monomeric anions. The ions undergo hydride and halide exchange with other alkanes and halides. The hydride transfer reaction renders them useful in isomerization and alkylation reactions.
Inventors
- 👤 George M. Kramer
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 01:28
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C2/00; C07C2/54; C07C2/56; C07C2/58; C07C2/60; B; B01; B01J; B01J27/00; B01J27/06; B01J27/08; B01J27/125; C07C2527/00; C07C2527/06; C07C2527/125; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S585/00; Y10S585/929; Y10S585/942
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A stable acid system comprising a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M, is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, 1,1- dichlorocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocycloproane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than about 0.01 molar.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
A stable acid system comprising a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M, is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, 1,1- dichlorocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocycloproane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than about 0.01 molar.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
The stable acid system of claim 1 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , AlBr 2 Cl, AlBrCl 2 , GaBr 3 , GaBrCl 2 and GaCl 3 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
The stable acid system of claim 1 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The acid system of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from 0.1 to about 5 molar.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The acid system of claim 4 wherein the mole ratio of the Lewis acid to the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
63 words
The stable acid system of claim 1 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 and the non-reactive aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride and methylene bromide, and the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 molar.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
129 words
A stable catalyst composition which comprises an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M, (b) a nonreactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocyclopropane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar and (c) an effective amount of a catalyst promoter.; selected from the group consisting of water, hydrogen halides, t - amyl alcohol and t - alkyl halides
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
129 words
A stable catalyst composition which comprises an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M, (b) a nonreactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocyclopropane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar and (c) an effective amount of a catalyst promoter.; selected from the group consisting of water, hydrogen halides, t - amyl alcohol and t - alkyl halides
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
The catalyst composition of claim 7 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , AlBr 2 Cl, AlBrCl 2 , GaBr 3 , GaBr 2 Cl, CaBrCl 2 and GaCl 3 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The catalyst composition of claim 7 wherein the non-reactive aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride and methylene bromide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The catalyst composition of claim 7 wherein the catalyst promoter is selected from the group consisting of t-butyl chloride and t-butyl bromide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The catalyst composition of claim 7 wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 molar.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
75 words
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of a Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 , a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene bromide and methylene chloride and a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride, wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
75 words
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of a Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 , a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene bromide and methylene chloride and a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride, wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
141 words
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn, wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in (b) a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of halogenated C 1 -C 3 alkanes, halogenated cyclopropane and halogenated C 2 -C 3 alkenes, wherein the C 2 -C 3 compounds contain at least 2 halogen atoms per mole of compound, and wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar, and (c) an effective amount of a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
141 words
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E) MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn, wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in (b) a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of halogenated C 1 -C 3 alkanes, halogenated cyclopropane and halogenated C 2 -C 3 alkenes, wherein the C 2 -C 3 compounds contain at least 2 halogen atoms per mole of compound, and wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar, and (c) an effective amount of a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
39 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 13 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , AlBr 2 Cl, AlBrCl 2 , GaBr 3 , GaBr 2 Cl, GaBrCl 2 and GaCl 3 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 14 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
33 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 13 wherein the non-reactive aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocyclopropane.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 13 wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from 0.1 to about 5 molar.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 17 wherein the molar ratio of the Lewis acid to the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
83 words
The stable catalyst composition of claim 13 wherein the Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of AlBr 3 , GaBr 3 and GaCl 3 and the non-reactive aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride and methylene bromide, the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 molar and the mole ratio of the Lewis acid to the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-07-23 | 1983-01-22 | 1983-07-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-07-23 | 1987-01-22 | 1987-07-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-07-23 | 1991-01-22 | 1991-07-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |