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US4156071A
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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) flat yarns and tows
Assignee: EIDP Inc
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Filing: 1978-06-05
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Granted: 1979-05-22
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Expires: 1998-06-05
Abstract
Abstract New poly(ethylene terephthalate) flat yarns and tows having physical properties and dyeability more akin to cellulose acetate than to conventional poly(ethylene terephthalate) flat yarns are prepared directly by spinning at speeds of about 4000 meters/minute. Among the useful physical properties are a modulus of 30 to 65, which is relatively unaffected by boiling, low boil-off shrinkage, no need for heat setting, low shrinkage tension, large crystal size, and low amorphous orientation which is measured by a value termed "amorphous modulus." The flat yarns may be used, e.g. in textile fabrics, without drawing, and may be modified, e.g. by air-jet texturing. The tows may be converted into staple fiber.
Inventors
- 👤 Benjamin H. Knox
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 17:47
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F6/00; D01F6/58; D01F6/62; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2913; Y10T428/298
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 100
Claim 1
Independent Claim
155 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the yarn as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous moduus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of about 2% to about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
155 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the yarn as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous moduus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of about 2% to about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
40 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430 (ρ-1.335)A.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
40 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein ΔM≦5 where ΔM is the difference between modulus values of the yarn measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced yarn and (2) on the shrunk yarn after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
86 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430(ρ-1.335) A wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09 and wherein ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between the modulus values of the yarn measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced yarn and (2) on the shrunk yarn after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the relative disperse dye rate is at least 0.11.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 1 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the denier per filament is 1 to 2.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the amorphous modulus is 28 to 36.5 grams/denier.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 1, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
107 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the yarn (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
107 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the yarn (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
A flat yarn according to claim 11, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 11 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
161 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the yarn as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530 (ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
161 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the yarn as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530 (ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 6%.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
40 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430(ρ-1.335)A.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
41 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between the modulus values of the yarn measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced yarn and (2) on the shrunk yarn after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
64 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.05 to about 0.09 and wherein ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between the modulus values of the yarn measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced and (2) on the shrunk yarn after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the relative disperse dye rate is about least 0.11.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the denier per filament is less than 2.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
16 words
A flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the amorphous modulus is 28 to 36.5 grams/denier.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 14, wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
110 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11 modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the yarn (1) as produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
110 words
A flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11 modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the yarn (1) as produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
A flat yarn according to claim 25, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 6%.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
A flat yarn according to claim 25, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 25 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
113 words
A polyester flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 4 denier per filament, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90 A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
113 words
A polyester flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 4 denier per filament, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90 A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
15 words
A flat yarn according to claim 29, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 29 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
114 words
A polyester flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 2 denier per filament, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, crystal size 50 to 90 A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A, where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
114 words
A polyester flat yarn comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 2 denier per filament, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, crystal size 50 to 90 A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A, where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
15 words
A flat yarn according to claim 32, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
77 words
A continuous filament flat yarn according to claim 32 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
155 words
A two comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the tow as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530 (ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of about 2% and about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
155 words
A two comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the tow as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530 (ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of about 2% and about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
40 words
A two according to claim 35, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430(ρ-1.335) A.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
39 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein ΔM≦5 where ΔM is the difference between modulus values of the tow measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced tow and (2) on the shrunk tow after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
86 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430(ρ-1.335) A wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09 and wherein ΔM≦5, where Δ M is the difference between the modulus values of the tow measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced tow and (2) on the shrunk tow after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the relative disperse dye rate is at least 0.11.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
76 words
A continuous filament tow accordding to claim 35 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
15 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the denier per filament is 1 to 2.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
15 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the amorphous modulus is 28 to 36.5 grams/denier.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 35, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
106 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the tow (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atomospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
106 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the tow (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atomospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tow according to claim 45, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
76 words
A continuous filament tow according to claim 45 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
159 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the tow as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
159 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the tow as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 6%.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
39 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90A, and is at least a value depending on the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the relationship: CS≧1430(ρ-1.335) A.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
40 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between the modulus values of the tow measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced tow and (2) on the shrunk tow after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
65 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the crystal size (CS) is from about 50 to about 90 A, wherein the birefringence is from about 0.05 to about 0.09 and wherein Δ M≦5, where ΔM is the difference between the modulus values of the tow measured in grams per denier (1) on the as-produced tow and (2) on the shrunk tow after boil-off shrinkage, respectively.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the relative disperse dye rate is at least 0.11.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
15 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the denier per filament is less than 2.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
15 words
A tow according to claim 48, wherein the amorphous modulus is 28 to 36.5 grams/denier.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
75 words
A continuous filament tow according to claim 48 wherein the denier (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ.sub.95-5 ≦(Δ/20)+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
109 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11 modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the tow (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and Δ M≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
109 words
A tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 7 denier per filament, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11 modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the tow (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and Δ M≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tow according to claim 59 wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 6%.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tow according to claim 59, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
76 words
A continuous filament tow according to claim 59 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ95-5≦Δ/20+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
108 words
A polyester tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 4 denier filament, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125% modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90A and at least 1430(ρ-1.335)A where ρ[is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
108 words
A polyester tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 4 denier filament, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125% modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90A and at least 1430(ρ-1.335)A where ρ[is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tow according to claim 63, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
75 words
A continuous filament tow according to claim 63 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according the relation: Δ95-5≦(Δ/20)+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
106 words
A polyester tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 2 denier per filament, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, crystal size 50 to 90A, where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
106 words
A polyester tow comprising continuous filaments of poly(ethylene terephthalate) of 1 to 2 denier per filament, intrinsic viscosity 0.56 to 0.68, tenacity 2.0 to 4.0 grams per denier, elongation 40 to 125%, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier, amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, crystal size 50 to 90A, where ρ is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
14 words
A tow according to claim 66, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
76 words
A continuous filament tow according to claim 66 wherein the denier spread (DS) is less than about 6%, draw tension variation (DTV) is less than about 1.2%, interfilament elongation uniformity (IEU) is better than about 12.5%, and differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation Δ95-5≦(Δ/20)+0.0055 and wherein A is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
152 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09 as defined herein above, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the staple fiber as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terphthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of up to about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
152 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09 as defined herein above, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, when measured on the staple fiber as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, where the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terphthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, (4) a boil-off shrinkage (S) of up to about 6%, and (5) a thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
17 words
Staple fiber according to claim 69, wherein the boil-off shrinkage (S) is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
14 words
A staple fiber according to claim 69, wherein the denier is less than 2.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
152 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, both measured on the fiber as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, wherein the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, and (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
152 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, characterized by: (1) a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.09, (2) a modulus of about 30 to about 65 grams/denier, both measured on the fiber as-produced (M) and after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes (M 2 ), (3) an amorphous modulus (M A ) of from about 28 to about 38 grams/denier, wherein the amorphous modulus is related to the modulus (M), the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ρ) according to the expression: M.sub.A =(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 M-X where X is given by the expression: X=530(ρ-1.335)(0.65/[η]).sup.0.3 and the X value is between 5 and 25, and (4) a shrinkage modulus (M s ) of about 1.5 to about 3.5 grams per denier, and (5) a thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
17 words
Staple fiber according to claim 72, wherein the boil-off shrinkage (S) is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
13 words
Staple fiber according to claim 72 wherein the denier is less than 2.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
97 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 4 denier per filament, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage of 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A, where is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is ρ 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
97 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 4 denier per filament, modulus 30 to 65 grams/denier amorphous modulus 28 to 35 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage of 2% to 6%, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier thermal stability such that the value S 2 is less than 1%, intrinsic viscosity [η] 0.56 to 0.68, crystal size 50 to 90A and at least 1430 (ρ-1.335)A, where is the density of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is ρ 1.35 to 1.38, birefringence 0.045 to 0.09, and of relative disperse dye rate at least 0.11.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
47 words
Staple fiber according to claim 75, wherein the differential birefringence (Δ95-5) is less than about a value depending on the average birefringence (Δ), measured plus or minus 5% away from the filament center, according to the relation: Δ(95-5)≦(Δ/20)+0.0055 and wherein Δ is about 0.045 to about 0.09.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
16 words
Staple fiber according to claim 75, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is about 2% to about 4%.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
13 words
Staple fiber according to claim 75 wherein the denier is less than 2.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
96 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the fiber (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and Δ M≦5, where Δ M is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amosphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage from 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
96 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the fiber (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and Δ M≦5, where Δ M is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amosphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, boil-off shrinkage from 2% to 6%, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
14 words
Staple fiber according to claim 79, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
95 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the fiber (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
95 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber of 1 to 7 denier, and having a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.11, modulus of 30 to 65 grams/denier when measured on the fiber (1) as-produced and (2) after being boiled in water at atmospheric pressure for 60 minutes, and ΔM≦5, where ΔM is the difference between such modulus values (1) and (2), amorphous modulus of 28 to 38 grams/denier and X value of 5 to 25, shrinkage modulus of 1.5 to 3.5 grams/denier, and thermal stability such that the shrinkage value S 2 is less than 1%.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
14 words
Staple fiber according to claim 81, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 6%.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
14 words
Staple fiber according to claim 81, wherein the boil-off shrinkage is 2% to 4%.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-05-21 | 1982-11-20 | 1983-05-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-05-21 | 1986-11-20 | 1987-05-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-05-21 | 1990-11-20 | 1991-05-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |