Blood glucose control apparatus

Claim 2

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood steam of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU9## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), t=time; and n=a number ranging from 1 to 3.

Claim 3

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU10## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU11## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling; (K F ), m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values; and n=a number ranging from 1 to 3.

Claim 4

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU10## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU11## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling; (K F ), m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values; and n=a number ranging from 1 to 3.

Claim 5

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU12## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), and t=time.

Claim 6

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU12## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), and t=time.

Claim 7

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU13## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU14## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ); and m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values.

Claim 8

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon both the concentration of glucose and the rate of change thereof in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said out signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU13## except when Gy is less than BI, in which event said rate is derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU14## wherein: IR=insulin infusion rate, Ri=required basal infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, Qi=is a preselected value dependent upon the subject, K=is a preselected value dependent upon the the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ); and m=is the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values.

Claim 9

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said course to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU15## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the desired basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 10

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said course to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU15## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the desired basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 11

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU16## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 12

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU16## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 13

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU17## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 14

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentrations in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values, computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU17## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, G=the last glucose value, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 15

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU18## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 16

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU18## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 17

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU19## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 18

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU19## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=a preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 19

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU20## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=the preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 20

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the concentration of glucose in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: ##EQU20## wherein: IR=the insulin infusion rate, Ri=the required basal insulin infusion rate at BI, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration, and Qi=the preselected value depending upon the subject.

Claim 21

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=K(dG/dt) wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), G=the last glucose value, and t=time.

Claim 22

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream, said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=K(dG/dt) wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), G=the last glucose value, and t=time.

Claim 23

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=Km wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), and M=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive glood glucose values.

Claim 24

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said output signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=Km wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), and M=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive glood glucose values.

Claim 25

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said out signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=Km (Gy-BI) except when GY is less than BI, in which event IR equals zero, wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), m=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, and Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration.

Claim 26

Apparatus for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood stream of a subject by controlled supply of insulin to such blood stream dependent upon the rate of change of glucose concentration in said blood stream said apparatus comprising means for determining serial values of blood glucose concentration in the blood stream of a subject and for providing computer input signals corresponding to said serial values; computer means connected to said first-mentioned means and operable to provide output signals in response to said input signals; and infusion means connected to said computer means and to a source of insulin and responsive to said out signals for introducing insulin from said source to said blood stream at a rate determined by said output signals; said computer means being programmed to provide, in response to said input signals, output signals causing said infusion means to introduce insulin to said blood stream at a rate derived in accordance with the equation: IR=Km (Gy-BI) except when GY is less than BI, in which event IR equals zero, wherein: Ir=the insulin infusion rate, K=a preselected value dependent upon the subject and whether or not the blood glucose concentration of the subject is rising (K R ) or falling (K F ), m=the slope of the least squares regression line fit for the most recent consecutive blood glucose values, Gy=the last glucose value, corrected to fit a least squares regression line, and Bi=the desired basal or steady state glucose concentration.