Device for the excitation of waves and especially ultrasonic waves including a cell

Claim 1

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along straight-line segments on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being a conical surface having an axis at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and having a semivertical angle π/2-α, where α is such that ##EQU8## where n is the relative index of refraction of the medium constituting the lens with respect to the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P.

Claim 2

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along straight-line segments on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being a conical surface having an axis at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and having a semivertical angle π/2-α, where α is such that ##EQU8## where n is the relative index of refraction of the medium constituting the lens with respect to the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P.

Claim 3

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along straight-line segments on the flat dioptric element P said second surface of said lens being a conical surface having a semivertical angle π/2+α, where α is such that ##EQU9## where n is the relative index of refraction of the medium constituting the lens with respect to the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P.

Claim 4

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along straight-line segments on the flat dioptric element P said second surface of said lens being a conical surface having a semivertical angle π/2+α, where α is such that ##EQU9## where n is the relative index of refraction of the medium constituting the lens with respect to the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P.

Claim 5

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along a circle C having a radius R marked on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being such that the normal m at all points of said surface is contained in a plane π at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and tangent to said circle C and makes an angle α with an axis Oz at right angles to said flat dioptric element P, the angle α being defined by: ##EQU10## where n is the relative refractive index between the medium constituting said lens and the medium located between the second surface of said lens and the flat dioptric element P, said second surface being described by an equation in semipolar coordinates ρ 2 =(z cotgα+Rθ) 2 +R 2 , where ρ is the radius and θ is the radius and θ is the polar angle.

Claim 6

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of the lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along a circle C having a radius R marked on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being such that the normal m at all points of said surface is contained in a plane π at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and tangent to said circle C and makes an angle α with an axis Oz at right angles to said flat dioptric element P, the angle α being defined by: ##EQU10## where n is the relative refractive index between the medium constituting said lens and the medium located between the second surface of said lens and the flat dioptric element P, said second surface being described by an equation in semipolar coordinates ρ 2 =(z cotgα+Rθ) 2 +R 2 , where ρ is the radius and θ is the radius and θ is the polar angle.

Claim 7

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along a circle C having a radius R marked on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being such that the normal m at all points of said surface is contained in a plane π at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and tangent to said circle C and makes an angle α with an axis Oz at right angles to said flat dioptric element P, the angle α being defined by: ##EQU11## where n is the relative refractive index between the medium constituting the lens and the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P, said second surface being described by an equation in semipolar coordinates ρ 2 =(z cotgα+Rθ) 2 +R 2 , where ρ is the radius and θ is the polar angle, and wherein the frequency of vibration of the waves emitted by said radiation source is such that the wavelength associated with the refracted waves in the medium limited by the flat dioptric element P divided by the sine of the angle r of refraction within said medium is a submultiple of the length of said circle C which is marked on the flat dioptric element P.

Claim 8

A device for excitation of waves in a medium limited by a flat dioptric element P, comprising a radiation source for emitting a beam F of rays which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the flat dioptric element P, wherein said device comprises a lens in which a first flat surface is located opposite to the radiation-emitting source, the second surface of lens located opposite to the flat dioptric element being such that the rays of the beam F which are refracted from said second surface arrive on the flat dioptric element P at a constant angle of incidence i and wherein the wave which is incident on said dioptric element and corresponds to said beam which is refracted from the second surface of the lens and the wave refracted from said dioptric element and corresponding to said incident wave are in phase along a given path marked on the surface of the flat dioptric element P, said device being adapted to cause phase equalization of incident and refracted waves along a circle C having a radius R marked on the flat dioptric element P, said second surface of said lens being such that the normal m at all points of said surface is contained in a plane π at right angles to the flat dioptric element P and tangent to said circle C and makes an angle α with an axis Oz at right angles to said flat dioptric element P, the angle α being defined by: ##EQU11## where n is the relative refractive index between the medium constituting the lens and the medium located between the second surface of the lens and the flat dioptric element P, said second surface being described by an equation in semipolar coordinates ρ 2 =(z cotgα+Rθ) 2 +R 2 , where ρ is the radius and θ is the polar angle, and wherein the frequency of vibration of the waves emitted by said radiation source is such that the wavelength associated with the refracted waves in the medium limited by the flat dioptric element P divided by the sine of the angle r of refraction within said medium is a submultiple of the length of said circle C which is marked on the flat dioptric element P.