US4150005A — Internally plasticized polymer latex

Claim 1

Independent Claim 128 words

A latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, having a calculated Tg above about 20° C., comprising: (A) a first stage polymer comprising at least 10% hydrophilic mer units comprising 0.5 to 90% acid or base units, in the unneutralized or neutralized form, and about 99.5% to 10% nonionic hydrophilic units and (B) a later stage, less hydrophilic, polymer polymerized in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer, wherein the first and later stage polymers are each at least about 20% of the addition polymer, by weight; the latex having (1) a viscosity below about 5,000 centipoises, at 20% solids over the pH range 4 to 10, and (2) a minimum film temperature more than 5° C. below the calculated Tg of the addition polymer.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 128 words

A latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, having a calculated Tg above about 20° C., comprising: (A) a first stage polymer comprising at least 10% hydrophilic mer units comprising 0.5 to 90% acid or base units, in the unneutralized or neutralized form, and about 99.5% to 10% nonionic hydrophilic units and (B) a later stage, less hydrophilic, polymer polymerized in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer, wherein the first and later stage polymers are each at least about 20% of the addition polymer, by weight; the latex having (1) a viscosity below about 5,000 centipoises, at 20% solids over the pH range 4 to 10, and (2) a minimum film temperature more than 5° C. below the calculated Tg of the addition polymer.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 33 words

The latex of claim 1 in which the viscosity is below 500 centipoises, the Tg is above 30° C., and a film produced from the latex has a Knoop Hardness Number above 5.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 25 words

The latex of claim 2 in which the hydrophilic mer units comprise about 0.5 to 90% acid units and the viscosity is below 150 centipoises.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 25 words

The latex of claim 2 in which the hydrophilic mer units comprise about 0.5 to 90% base units and the viscosity is below 150 centipoises.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 35 words

The latex of claim 3 in which the viscosity is below 40 centipoises, the minimum film temperature is below 18° C., the Knoop Hardness Number is above 8 and the acid units comprise carboxyl groups.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 30 words

The latex of claim 5 in which the viscosity is below 10 centipoises, and 50 to 90% of the hydrophilic mers are from a hydroxyalkyl ester of an α,β-unsaturated acid.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 24 words

The latex of claim 6 in which the addition polymer comprises at least one of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl ester, and vinyl aromatic mer units.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 70 words

The latex of claim 2 in which the first stage polymer comprises 10% to 70% by weight hydrophilic mers and the later stage polymer has a calculated Tg at least 10° C., above the calculated Tg of the first stage polymer; the polymers of the first and later stage polymers each are at least 30% of the addition polymer weight, and the viscosity of the latex is below 150 centipoises.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 49 words

The latex of claim 8 in which the minimum film temperature is below 18° C., the addition polymer has a Knoop Hardness Number above 5, the calculated Tg of the first stage polymer is below 40° C., and the later stage polymer is harder than the first stage polymer.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 42 words

The latex of claim 9 in which the viscosity is below 40 centipoises, the Knoop Hardness Number above 8, the Tg of the first stage polymer is below 5° C., and the Tg of the later stage polymer is above 75° C.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 57 words

The latex of claim 10 in which the vicosity is below 10 centipoises, the polymers of the first and later stages each are at least 40% of the addition polymer, by weight, the Tg of the first stage polymer is below -10° C. and the Tg of the last stage polymer is about 100° C. or higher.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 22 words

The latex of claim 11 in which the hydrophilic mers comprise at least 0.5% carboxylic acids and at least 10% nonionic mers.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 27 words

The latex of claim 12 in which the addition polymer is a polymer of monomers comprising at least one of acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl esters and vinyl aromatics.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 89 words

The latex of claim 13 in which the monomers of the first stage comprise 65 to 85% C 1 -C 4 alkyl acrylate, C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate, styrene or a mixture thereof; 5 to 10% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid or a mixture thereof; and 10 to 25% hydroxy C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate, hydroxy C 1 -C 4 alkyl acrylate or a mixture thereof, by weight, and the monomers of the later stage polymer consist essentially of methyl methacrylate, styrene or a mixture thereof.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 69 words

The latex of claim 13 in which the mer units of the first stage comprise 50 to 85% vinyl acetate; 1 to 10% acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic or maleic acids or a mixture thereof; and 8 to 25% vinyl alcohol, by weight; and the mer units of the later stage consist essentially of methyl methacrylate or styrene mers or a mixture thereof and 0 to 30%, by weight, acidic mers.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 64 words

The latex of claim 15 in which the mer units of the first stage comprise 1 to 4% acid mer units, comprising 0.2 to 2% maleic acid units, 0 to 20% C 1 -C 4 alkyl acrylates, 65-80% vinyl acetate and 10 to 20% vinyl alcohol, by weight; and the mer units of the later stage comprise 10 to 20% acid units, by weight.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 99 words

A latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles comprising: (A) a first stage polymer, polymerized from a monomer mix consisting essentially of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising, by weight, at least 10% hydrophilic mers, the hydrophilic mers comprising at least 10% nonionic and at least 0.5% ionic mers, and (B) a less hydrophilic, higher Tg, later stage polymer polymerized in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer; (A) being from 20% to 80% of the combined weight of (A) and (B); the interpenetration parameter of (A) being greater than that of (B) by up to eight units.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 99 words

A latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles comprising: (A) a first stage polymer, polymerized from a monomer mix consisting essentially of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising, by weight, at least 10% hydrophilic mers, the hydrophilic mers comprising at least 10% nonionic and at least 0.5% ionic mers, and (B) a less hydrophilic, higher Tg, later stage polymer polymerized in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer; (A) being from 20% to 80% of the combined weight of (A) and (B); the interpenetration parameter of (A) being greater than that of (B) by up to eight units.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 27 words

The addition polymer of claim 17 polymerized from monomers comprising at least one of acrylate esters, methacrylate esters, esters of vinyl alcohol and monoethylenically unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 44 words

The addition polymer of claim 18 being an aqueous emulsion polymerized polymer with (A) being from 30 to 70% of the combined weight of (A) and (B) and the interpenetration parameter of (A) being greater than that of (B) by 1 to 6 units.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 18 words

The addition polymer of claim 19 in which the hydrophilic nonionic mers comprise hydroxyalkyl esters of carboxylic acids.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 17 words

The addition polymer of claim 20 in which the hydrophilic ionic mers comprise a carboxylic acid group.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 17 words

The addition polymer of claim 19 in which the hydrophilic nonionic mers comprise vinyl alcohol mer units.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 159 words

In an aqueous composition adapted to be used for polishing flooring, furniture, and the like, said composition being capable of forming a coating film having a Knoop Hardness Number of at least 0.5 and containing: (a) 10 to 100 parts by weight of a water-insoluble addition polymer obtained by the emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, (b) 0 to 90 parts by weight of an alkali-soluble resin also being up to 90% by weight, based on the weight of (a), (c) 0 to 90 parts by weight of a wax, (d) wetting, emulsifying and dispersing agents in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weightof the sum of (a), (b) and (c), (e) at least one polyvalent metal compound in an amount of about 0 to 50% by weight of (a), (f) water to make total solids 0.5 to 45%, the improvement wherein said water-insoluble addition polymer is the internally plasticized addition polymer of claim 1.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 24 words

A process of polishing a hard surface comprising the steps of coating the surface with the composition of claim 23 and drying the coating.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 11 words

The polished hard surface prepared by the process of claim 24.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 121 words

A process, for producing a latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, comprising: (a) polymerizing a first stage polymer comprising at least 10% hydrophilic mer units comprising nonionic hydrophilic units and (b) in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer polymerizing a later stage less hydrophilic polymer wherein the first and later stage polymers are each at least about 20% of the addition polymer, by weight, to produce a latex having (1) a viscosity below about 5,000 centipoises at 20% solids and over the pH range 4 to 10, and (2) a minimum film temperature more than 5° C. below the calculated Tg of the addition polymer; the addition polymer having a calculated Tg above about 20° C.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 121 words

A process, for producing a latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, comprising: (a) polymerizing a first stage polymer comprising at least 10% hydrophilic mer units comprising nonionic hydrophilic units and (b) in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer polymerizing a later stage less hydrophilic polymer wherein the first and later stage polymers are each at least about 20% of the addition polymer, by weight, to produce a latex having (1) a viscosity below about 5,000 centipoises at 20% solids and over the pH range 4 to 10, and (2) a minimum film temperature more than 5° C. below the calculated Tg of the addition polymer; the addition polymer having a calculated Tg above about 20° C.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 115 words

A process, for producing a latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, comprising (a) producing a first stage polymer, polymerized from a monomer mix consisting essentially of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising at least 10% by weight hydrophilic mers, the hydrophilic mers comprising at least 10% by weight nonionic mers and at least 0.5% by weight ionic mers and (b) polymerizing, in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer, a later stage polymer less hydrophilic, having an interpenetration parameter higher by up to eight units, and a higher Tg than the first stage polymer, the first stage polymer being from 20 to 80% by weight of the total first and later stage polymers.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 115 words

A process, for producing a latex of internally plasticized addition polymer particles, comprising (a) producing a first stage polymer, polymerized from a monomer mix consisting essentially of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising at least 10% by weight hydrophilic mers, the hydrophilic mers comprising at least 10% by weight nonionic mers and at least 0.5% by weight ionic mers and (b) polymerizing, in the presence of an emulsion of the first stage polymer, a later stage polymer less hydrophilic, having an interpenetration parameter higher by up to eight units, and a higher Tg than the first stage polymer, the first stage polymer being from 20 to 80% by weight of the total first and later stage polymers.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 147 words

The process of claim 27 in which the latex has a viscosity below 40 centipoises at 20% solids over the pH range 4 to 10 and a minimum filming temperature more than 5° C. below the Tg calculated for the addition polymer; and in which the monomers of the first stage consist essentially of 65 to 85 C 1 -C 4 alkyl acrylate, C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate, styrene or a mixture thereof; 5 to 10% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid or a mixture thereof; and 10 to 25% hydroxy C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate, hydroxy C 1 -C 4 alkyl acrylate or a mixture thereof, by weight, and the monomers of the last stage consist essentially of methyl methacrylate, styrene or a mixture thereof; the interpenetration parameter of the first stage being 1 to 4 units higher than that of the later stage.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 135 words

The process of claim 27 in which the latex has a viscosity below 40 centipoises at 20% solids over the pH range 4 to 10 and a minimum film temperature more than 5° C. below the Tg calculated for the addition polymer; and in which the mer units of the first stage polymer comprise by weight 65 to 85% vinyl acetate, 5 to 10% acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid or a mixture thereof, 8 to 25% vinyl alcohol and the mer units of the last stage polymer consist essentially of methyl methacrylate or styrene mers, or a mixture thereof, and 0 to 30%, by weight, acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid mers, or a mixture thereof; the interpenetration parameter of the first stage being 2 to 6 units higher than that of the later stage.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1982-04-16	1982-10-16	1983-04-17	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1986-04-16	1986-10-16	1987-04-17	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1990-04-16	1990-10-16	1991-04-17	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Internally plasticized polymer latex

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