US4140369A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Efficient light diffuser
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1977-04-11
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Granted: 1979-02-20
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Expires: 1997-04-11
Abstract
Abstract A process for making a new type of diffuser is described wherein an electric field is applied to a liquid containing a suspension of transparent platelets having a refractive index higher than that of the fluid and a different dielectric constant. The field causes the planes of the platelets to be aligned substantially parallel to that of the field but to have random angular orientation with respect to the direction of the field. While the platelets are thus aligned, the liquid is hardened to permanently retain the platelets in the aligned position even in the absence of the electric field. The resulting structure produces good diffusion of light with a high ratio of transmitted to reflected light.
Inventors
- 👤 Bradford Howland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 01:26
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02B; G02B5/00; G02B5/02; G02B5/0205; G02B5/0236; G02B5/0242; G02B5/0268; G02B5/0273; G02B5/0278; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/17; G02F1/172; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A light diffuser comprising, a solid light transmissive host medium, a plurality of transparent light reflective platelets fixed in position in said host medium, said platelets having a different index of refraction than said medium, said platelets having substantially planar and parallel surfaces, the planes of substantially all of said platelets being substantially aligned transverse to the surface of the medium, the degree of alignment and the volume concentration of said platelets determining the dispersion of light after passing transversely to said surface through said medium.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
86 words
A light diffuser comprising, a solid light transmissive host medium, a plurality of transparent light reflective platelets fixed in position in said host medium, said platelets having a different index of refraction than said medium, said platelets having substantially planar and parallel surfaces, the planes of substantially all of said platelets being substantially aligned transverse to the surface of the medium, the degree of alignment and the volume concentration of said platelets determining the dispersion of light after passing transversely to said surface through said medium.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said platelets are lead carbonate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said platelets are organic crystals of guanine.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said host medium is a transparent plastic.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said plastic is an epoxy resin.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
131 words
A method of manufacture of a light diffuser having a surface through which light passes substantially transversely comprising, mixing a plurality of transparent light reflecting platelets into a liquid to form a mixture which is capable of hardening into a light transmissive material, said platelets having a refractive index and a dielectric constant different from said liquid, said platelets having substantially planar and parallel surfaces, applying an electric field to the mixture transverse to said surface to substantially align the normals to the planes of a substantial fraction of the platelets perpendicular to the direction of the electrical field, hardening the liquid while maintaining said aligned field, removing said field after said liquid has hardened to thereby provide a hardened sheet of material having fixed therein the substantially aligned reflecting platelets.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
131 words
A method of manufacture of a light diffuser having a surface through which light passes substantially transversely comprising, mixing a plurality of transparent light reflecting platelets into a liquid to form a mixture which is capable of hardening into a light transmissive material, said platelets having a refractive index and a dielectric constant different from said liquid, said platelets having substantially planar and parallel surfaces, applying an electric field to the mixture transverse to said surface to substantially align the normals to the planes of a substantial fraction of the platelets perpendicular to the direction of the electrical field, hardening the liquid while maintaining said aligned field, removing said field after said liquid has hardened to thereby provide a hardened sheet of material having fixed therein the substantially aligned reflecting platelets.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said liquid light transmission material is a thermo-setting plastic and said hardening comprises heating said plastic.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 6 comprising reducing the magnitude of said electric field as said liquid hardens to avoid excessive heating of the liquid and to reduce alignment of the platelets.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said electric field is produced by applying a voltage to oppositely disposed parallel plates containing said liquid therebetween.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 9 comprising in addition retaining said liquid between said plates until the liquid has hardened.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said liquid is an epoxy resin and said hardening comprising heating over a period of time.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said electric field is an alternating electric field applied by energizing electrically conductive plates by a source of alternating voltage and said plates are in contact with said mixture.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said liquid light transmission material is a thermo-setting plastic and said hardening comprises heating said plastic by electric current through said plastic from said energized plates.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said platelets are lead carbonate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said platelets are organic crystals of guanine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said host medium is a transparent plastic.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said plastic is an epoxy resin.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-02-19 | 1982-08-21 | 1983-02-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-02-19 | 1986-08-21 | 1987-02-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-02-19 | 1990-08-21 | 1991-02-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |