US4134882A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
Assignee: EIDP Inc
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Filing: 1977-06-02
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Granted: 1979-01-16
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Expires: 1997-06-02
Abstract
Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability, low boil-off shrinkage (even in as-spun condition), good thermal stability over a large temperature range, and useful as texturing feed yarns and/or as hard yarns requiring no further drawing are prepared by spinning at extremely high speeds, and are characterized by a long period spacing above 300 A in their as-spun condition, and, whether in as-spun condition or after heat-treatment, by a low skin-core value as measured by a differential birefringence in relation to their stress measured at 20% extension (which correlates approximately with the spinning speed), a large crystal size, and low amorphous orientation. The continuous filament yarns may be draw-textured to provide textured yarns which also show enhanced dyeability. The staple fiber yarns also have very useful properties as compared with conventional staple yarns. A preferred process of spinning at these extremely high speeds is characterized by the use of a spinneret with capillary-dimensions that produce high shear as the polyester is extruded, and is applicable also to copolyesters, whose filaments show a similar low skin-core in relation to their stress at 20% extension, the precise values for copolymers being different from the relationship for poly(ethylene terephthalate).
Inventors
- 👤 R. E. Frankfort Hans
- 👤 Benjamin H. Knox
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 16:10
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F6/00; D01F6/58; D01F6/62
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 65
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055 + 0.0014 δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.0055 + 0.0014 δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 1, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 1, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
63 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065 δ 20 - 0.0100, where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
63 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than 0.0065 δ 20 - 0.0100, where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is from about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
93 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when δ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0100, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
93 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than about0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when δ 20 is about 1.6 gpd to about 3 gpd, and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) that is less than about 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0100, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A filament according to claim 5, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2gpd.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 5, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 5, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 8, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 9, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of filaments according to claim 5.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of yarn according to claim 5.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 5, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
36 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 5, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.060 as defined herein on page 27, and wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
49 words
A filament according to claim 5, wherein the differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) is at least about 0.0014δ 20 , when δ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and is at least about 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0155, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 15, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
A yarn according to claim 16, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 17, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
A yarn according to claim 18, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
58 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (δ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
58 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a long-period spacing of more than 300 A and by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and the core of the filament of less than about 0.008, and by a stress measured at 20% extension (δ 20 ) of at least about 1.6 gpd.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
A filament according to claim 20, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2 gpd.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 20, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 20, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 23, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 24, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of yarn according to claim 25.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of filaments according to claim 20.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 20, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
36 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 21, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.060 as defined herein on page 27, and wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
49 words
A filament according to claim 20, wherein the differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) is at least about 0.0014δ 20 , when δ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and is at least about 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0155, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 30, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
A yarn according to claim 31, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 32, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A yarn according to claim 33, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
112 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when δ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0100, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250 ρ - 1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
112 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments of enhanced dyeability and low shrinkage, characterized by a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ), between the surface and the core of the filament, that is less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, when δ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and that is less than 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0100, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd, by a crystal size of at least 55 A, being at least (1250 ρ - 1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and by an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
14 words
A filament according to claim 43, wherein the amorphous birefringence is less than 0.06.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
28 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 35, and having a modulus E 3-8 greater than the limiting modulus as the extension increases from 8 to 20%.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
15 words
A filament according to claim 35, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2 gpd.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 35, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 35, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 40, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 41, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of yarn according to claim 42.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
14 words
A wound package comprising at least 250,000 meters of filaments according to claim 35.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
25 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 35, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
34 words
A yarn comprising filaments according to claim 35, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.060 as defined herein on page 27, and whereinδ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
50 words
A filament according to claim 35, wherein the differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) is at least about 0.0014 δ 20 , when δ 20 is about 1.6 to about 3 gpd, and is at least about 0.0065δ 20 - 0.0155, when δ 20 is about 3 to about 4 gpd.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
18 words
A hard yarn comprising filaments according to claim 47, wherein δ 20 is at least about 2.6 gpd.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
14 words
A yarn according to claim 48, whose boil-off shrinkage is less than about 4%.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
24 words
A yarn according to claim 49, whose dry heat shrinkage (measured at 160° C) is not more than 1% more than its boil-off shrinkage.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
23 words
A yarn according to claim 50, characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.050 as defined herein on page 27.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
15 words
A yarn according to claim 35, wherein the differential birefringence is less than about 0.008.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
15 words
A yarn according to claim 36, wherein the differential birefringence is less than about 0.008.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
48 words
A textured multifilament poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.045 as defined herein on page 27, by a loss modulus peak temperature of 115° C or less and by a temperature at the maximum shrinkage tension of at least 258° C.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
48 words
A textured multifilament poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn characterized by a relative disperse dye rate of at least 0.045 as defined herein on page 27, by a loss modulus peak temperature of 115° C or less and by a temperature at the maximum shrinkage tension of at least 258° C.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
17 words
A textured yarn according to claim 54, wherein the relative disperse dye rate is at least 0.055.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
67 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber having a loss modulus peak temperature of 115° C or less and a temperature at the maximum shrinkage tension of at least 258° C, and a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and core of the fiber of less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least 1.6 gpd.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
67 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber having a loss modulus peak temperature of 115° C or less and a temperature at the maximum shrinkage tension of at least 258° C, and a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and core of the fiber of less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least 1.6 gpd.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
82 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber having an average crystal size of at least 55 A, and of at least (1250 ρ - 1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07, and a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and core of the fiber of less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least 1.6 gpd.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
82 words
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) staple fiber having an average crystal size of at least 55 A, and of at least (1250 ρ - 1670) A, where ρ is the density of the polymer in g/cm 3 , and an amorphous birefringence of less than 0.07, and a differential birefringence (Δ 95-5 ) between the surface and core of the fiber of less than 0.0055 + 0.0014δ 20 , where δ 20 is the stress measured at 20% extension, and is at least 1.6 gpd.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1982-01-15 | 1982-07-17 | 1983-01-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1986-01-15 | 1986-07-17 | 1987-01-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1990-01-15 | 1990-07-17 | 1991-01-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |