US4126761A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of and means for processing an audio frequency signal to conceal intelligility
Assignee: Noise Cancellation Technologies Inc
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Filing: 1977-02-11
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Granted: 1978-11-21
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Expires: 1997-02-11
Abstract
Abstract An input audio frequency analog signal, for example, speech, which is to be passed through a noisy transmission channel, is scrambled at the sending end by repetitively performing a modulo-v (MOD v) addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword with an n-level digitized transformation of the input signal under the condition that m and v are integers. The resultant sum signal, after transmission through a noisy channel (which may be an acoustic medium, a conventional telephone link, a conventional CB radio link, etc.), is received at the receiving end and descrambled. Descrambling is achieved by carrying out a Mod v subtraction process involving repetitively subtracting the same codeword from an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal, the subtraction being carried out in synchronism with the addition at the sending end. The resultant difference signal is a representation of the input signal and is relatively insensitive to noise present in the transmission channel.
Inventors
- 👤 Daniel Graupe
- 👤 David L. Cohn
- 👤 G. Donald Causey
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 11:37
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04K; H04K1/00; H04K1/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
138 words
A method of processing an input audiofrequency signal for scrambled transmission through a noisy communication channel and for recovering a representation of such signal comprising: (a) repetitively performing a Mod v addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword to an n-level digitized transformation of the input audio-frequency signal under the condition that n>2, and m and v are integers for obtaining a sum signal; (b) transmitting the sum signal through the communication channel; (c) receiving the transmitted signal; (d) repetitively performing a Mod v subtraction of an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal and the same codeword for obtaining a difference digitized signal, the subtraction process being carried out in a selected time relationship to the addition process; and (e) converting the difference digitized signal into analog form for obtaining a representation of the input audio frequency signal.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
138 words
A method of processing an input audiofrequency signal for scrambled transmission through a noisy communication channel and for recovering a representation of such signal comprising: (a) repetitively performing a Mod v addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword to an n-level digitized transformation of the input audio-frequency signal under the condition that n>2, and m and v are integers for obtaining a sum signal; (b) transmitting the sum signal through the communication channel; (c) receiving the transmitted signal; (d) repetitively performing a Mod v subtraction of an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal and the same codeword for obtaining a difference digitized signal, the subtraction process being carried out in a selected time relationship to the addition process; and (e) converting the difference digitized signal into analog form for obtaining a representation of the input audio frequency signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein the selected time relationship between the addition and subtraction process is adjustable.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
8 words
The method according to claim 2 wherein v=n.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
8 words
A method according to claim 2 wherein m=n.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
8 words
A method according to claim 2 wherein m=v=n.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
148 words
Apparatus for processing an input audiofrequency signal for scrambled transmission through a noisy communication channel and for recovering a representation of such signal comprising: (a) means at the sending end of the channel including: (1) means for performing an n-level digitization of the input signal for obtaining a digitized input signal having a given pulse repetition frequency; where n>2 (2) means for repetitively generating an n-level codeword in the form of a train of m-pulses at said given pulse repetition frequency; (3) means for performing a Mod v addition of the codeword and the digitized input signal for obtaining a digitized sum signal; (4) means for converting the digitized sum signal into analog form for obtaining an analog sum signal; and (5) means for transmitting the analog sum signal through the communication channel; (b) means at the receiving end of the communication channel for receiving the transmitted signal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
148 words
Apparatus for processing an input audiofrequency signal for scrambled transmission through a noisy communication channel and for recovering a representation of such signal comprising: (a) means at the sending end of the channel including: (1) means for performing an n-level digitization of the input signal for obtaining a digitized input signal having a given pulse repetition frequency; where n>2 (2) means for repetitively generating an n-level codeword in the form of a train of m-pulses at said given pulse repetition frequency; (3) means for performing a Mod v addition of the codeword and the digitized input signal for obtaining a digitized sum signal; (4) means for converting the digitized sum signal into analog form for obtaining an analog sum signal; and (5) means for transmitting the analog sum signal through the communication channel; (b) means at the receiving end of the communication channel for receiving the transmitted signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
116 words
Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the means at the receiving end of the communication channel includes: (a) means for receiving the transmitted signal and converting it into a received signal; (b) means for performing an n-level digitization of the received signal for obtaining a digitized received signal having said given pulse repetition frequency; (c) means for repetitively generating said codeword in a selected time relationship to its generation at the sending end; (d) means for performing a Mod v subtraction of the digitized received signal and the codeword for obtaining a digitized difference signal; and (e) means for converting the digitized difference signal into analog form for obtaining a representation of the input audio-frequency signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
40 words
Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the means for repetitively generating said codeword includes means for adjusting the time relationship of the generation of said codeword at the receiving end with the generation of said word at the sending end.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
7 words
Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein v=n.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
7 words
Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein m=n.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
65 words
Apparatus according to claim 7 including a first microphone for receiving the input signal and applying it to said means at the sending end, and wherein said means for transmitting the analog signal is a first speaker, and said means for receiving the transmitted signal is a second microphone, and said means for converting the digitized difference signal into analog form is a second speaker.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said means at the receiving end is part of a hearing-aid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 including a telephone system for interconnecting the first speaker with the second microphone.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 including a CB radio link for interconnecting the first speaker with the second microphone.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 including a loudspeaker to serve as the first speaker for sound communication with the second microphone.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
7 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 including microprocessors.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 where each of the scrambler and descrambler inlcude switch means whose state determines the codeword used for scrambling and descrambling.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
Apparatus according to claim 11 including a separate tape containing at least a pre-selected codeword, and a separate tape reader responsive to the tape for establishing the codeword being used.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
10 words
Apparatus according to claim 6 including micro-electronic analog-to-digital converter hardware.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
10 words
Apparatus according to claim 7 including micro-electronic digital-to-analog converter hardware.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
158 words
In a method for processing an intelligence bearing input audio-frequency signal comprising the steps of scrambling transmission at the sending end by repetitively performing a mod v addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword to an n-level digitized transformation of the input audiofrequency signal under the condition that m and v are integers for obtaining a sum signal; unscrambling a received signal at the receiving end by repetitively performing a mod v subtraction of an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal and the same codeword for obtaining a difference digitized signal, the subtraction process being carried out in a selected time relationship to the addition process; and converting the difference digitized signal into analog form for obtaining a representation of the input audio frequency signal; the improvement comprising shifting the time of the subtraction process independently of the time of the addition process so as to maximize intelligibility of the representation of the input signal, and where n>2.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
158 words
In a method for processing an intelligence bearing input audio-frequency signal comprising the steps of scrambling transmission at the sending end by repetitively performing a mod v addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword to an n-level digitized transformation of the input audiofrequency signal under the condition that m and v are integers for obtaining a sum signal; unscrambling a received signal at the receiving end by repetitively performing a mod v subtraction of an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal and the same codeword for obtaining a difference digitized signal, the subtraction process being carried out in a selected time relationship to the addition process; and converting the difference digitized signal into analog form for obtaining a representation of the input audio frequency signal; the improvement comprising shifting the time of the subtraction process independently of the time of the addition process so as to maximize intelligibility of the representation of the input signal, and where n>2.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
32 words
The invention of claim 21 wherein the intelligence bearing input audio frequency signal is speech and the shift in said selected time relationship is such as to maximize intelligibility of the speech.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-11-20 | 1982-05-22 | 1982-11-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-11-20 | 1986-05-22 | 1986-11-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-11-20 | 1990-05-22 | 1990-11-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |