US4119581A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Membrane consisting of polyquaternary amine ion exchange polymer network interpenetrating the chains of thermoplastic matrix polymer
Assignee: California Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1977-02-23
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Granted: 1978-10-10
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Expires: 1997-02-23
Abstract
Abstract An ion-exchange membrane is formed from a solution containing dissolved matrix polymer and a set of monomers which are capable of reacting to form a polyquaternary ion-exchange material; for example vinyl pyridine and a dihalo hydrocarbon. After casting the solution and evaporation of the volatile components, a relatively strong ion-exchange membrane is obtained which is capable of removing anions, such as nitrate or chromate from water. The ion-exchange polymer forms an interpenetrating network with the chains of the matrix polymer.
Inventors
- 👤 Alan Rembaum
- 👤 Carl J. Wallace
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 05:46
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08L; C08L39/00; C08L39/04; C08L39/08; B; B01; B01D; B01D61/00; B01D61/42; B01D61/44; C08F; C08F291/00; C08J; C08J5/00; C08J5/20; C08J5/22; C08J5/2206; C08J5/2218; C08J5/2231; C08J5/2237; C08J2327/00; C08J2327/02; C08J2327/04; C08J2327/06; C08J2327/12; C08J2339/00; C08J2339/04; C08J2339/08
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
80 words
A method of forming an ion-exchange membrane comprising the steps of: dissolving in common solvent a thermoplastic matrix polymer, a first monomer selected from polytertiary amines or vinyl pyridines and a second monomer selected from organic polyhalides said first and second monomers being capable of reaction to form a cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange polymer; evaporating the solvent while reacting the monomers to form said cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange polymer which forms a network interpenetrating the chains of the matrix polymer.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
80 words
A method of forming an ion-exchange membrane comprising the steps of: dissolving in common solvent a thermoplastic matrix polymer, a first monomer selected from polytertiary amines or vinyl pyridines and a second monomer selected from organic polyhalides said first and second monomers being capable of reaction to form a cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange polymer; evaporating the solvent while reacting the monomers to form said cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange polymer which forms a network interpenetrating the chains of the matrix polymer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the matrix polymer is a linear thermoplastic polymer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 2 in which the matrix polymer is selected from acrylic, polyolefin, polystyrene, cellulose esters, polyurethanes and fluorocarbons.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the matrix polymer is a polyether or polyester polyurethane elastomer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the ion-exchange monomers are present in an amount of at least 20% by weight based on total polymer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 3 in which the solvent is selected from ketones and ethers.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 6 in which the polymermonomer dilution is no more than 40% w/v.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 2, in which the monomers react to form a cross-linked, water-insoluble, network polyquaternary polymer in which the quaternary nitrogens are present in the polymer chains or in bridges joining the chains.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 8 in which the first monomer is a polytertiary amine compound and the second monomer is an organic polyhalide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 8 in which the ionic halogen content of the membrane is at least 5% by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 10 in which at least one of the monomers is at least trifunctional.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
82 words
A method according to claim 11 in which the first monomer is a vinyl pyridine and the second monomer is a dihalo organic compound of the formula: X-R.sup.1 -X where X is selected from bromo, chloro or iodo and R 1 is a divalent organic radial selected from alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, alkarylene, aralkylene or --(CH 2 ) x (Z) y (CH 2 ) z -- where Z is oxygen or sulfur and x,y and z are integers from 1 to 100.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim 12 in which R 1 contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the vinyl pyridine is 4-vinyl pyridine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the solution is cast into a sheet form before evaporation of the solvent.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1 in which the solution is extruded into fiber form before evaporation of solvent.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
51 words
An ion-exchange membrane comprising: a linear thermoplastic matrix polymer; and a cross-linked, cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange network polymer interpenetrating the chains of the matrix polymer, said polyquaternary polymer comprising the reaction product of a first monomer selected from polytertiary amines or vinyl pyridines and a second monomer selected from organic polyhalides.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
51 words
An ion-exchange membrane comprising: a linear thermoplastic matrix polymer; and a cross-linked, cationically charged, polyquaternary, ion-exchange network polymer interpenetrating the chains of the matrix polymer, said polyquaternary polymer comprising the reaction product of a first monomer selected from polytertiary amines or vinyl pyridines and a second monomer selected from organic polyhalides.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
A membrane according to claim 16 in which the matrix polymer is selected from acrylic, polyolefin, polystyrene, cellulose esters, polyurethanes and fluorocarbons.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
A membrane according to claim 17 in which the matrix polymer is a polyether or polyester polyurethane elastomer.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
32 words
A membrane according to claim 16 in which the ion-exchange polymer is a polyquaternary polymer in which the quaternary nitrogens are present in the polymer chains or in bridges joining the chains.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A membrane according to claim 19 in which the ion-exchange polymer is present in an amount of at least 20% by weight.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
A membrane according to claim 20 in which the polyquaternary ion-exchange polymer is the reaction product of a polytertiary amine and an organic polyhalide.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
A membrane according to claim 20 in which the ionic halogen content of the membrane is at least 5% by weight.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
82 words
A membrane according to claim 22 in which the polyquaternary polymer is the reaction product of a vinyl pyridine and dihalo organic compound of the formula: X-R.sup.1 -X where X is selected from bromo, chloro or iodo and R 1 is a divalent organic radial selected from alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, alkarylene, aralkylene or --(CH 2 ) x (Z) y (CH 2 ) z -- where Z is oxygen or sulphur and x, y and z are integers from 1 to 100.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
A membrane according to claim 23 in which R 1 contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the vinyl pyridine is 4-vinyl pyridine.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
9 words
A membrane according to claim 16 in sheet form.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
9 words
A membrane according to claim 16 in fiber form.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of removing anions from aqueous solution comprising the steps of: interposing the membrane as defined in claim 16 between first aqueous solution containing the anion and a second aqueous stripping solution; and permeating the anions through the membrane from the first solution to the second solution.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 27 in which the anions are selected from chromates and nitrates.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-10-09 | 1982-04-10 | 1982-10-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-10-09 | 1986-04-10 | 1986-10-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-10-09 | 1990-04-10 | 1990-10-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |