US4115339A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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High molecular-weight, water-soluble vinyl polymers
Assignee: Hercules LLC
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Filing: 1975-08-07
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Granted: 1978-09-19
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Expires: 1995-08-07
Abstract
Abstract Aqueous gels of water-soluble polymers and copolymers of extremely high molecular weight as measured by their intrinsic viscosities are prepared by the irradiation, under controlled conditions of concentration, radiation intensity, and total dose, of aqueous solutions of selected nitrogen-containing vinyl monomers separately, in admixture with each other or in admixture with non-nitrogenous vinyl monomers. The polymers may be recovered from the gels in conventional manner. The polymers and the gels are useful as flocculating and thickening agents in aqueous media.
Inventors
- 👤 Alfred J. Restaino
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 15:07
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08F; C08F220/00; C08F220/02; C08F220/52; C08F220/54; C08F220/56; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/52; C02F1/54; C08F20/00; C08F20/02; C08F20/10; C08F20/34; C08F20/52; C08F20/54; C08F220/10; C08F220/34
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
282 words
A water-soluble copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said copolymer being prepared by a process comprising (a) irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR3## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein Y is --NH 2 or ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel of a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solutions at 25.5° C., and (b) recovering said copolymer from the aqueous copolymer gel.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
282 words
A water-soluble copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said copolymer being prepared by a process comprising (a) irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR3## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein Y is --NH 2 or ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel of a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solutions at 25.5° C., and (b) recovering said copolymer from the aqueous copolymer gel.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and sodium acrylate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide, sodium acrylate, and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the methyl chloride quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the methyl chloride quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A copolymer of claim 1 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
287 words
An aqueous gel containing from about 10% to about 45% by weight concentration, of a water-soluble copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said aqueous copolymer gel being prepared by a process comprising irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR5## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein y is --NH 2 or ##STR6## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel containing a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solution at 25.5° C.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
287 words
An aqueous gel containing from about 10% to about 45% by weight concentration, of a water-soluble copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said aqueous copolymer gel being prepared by a process comprising irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR5## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein y is --NH 2 or ##STR6## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel containing a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solution at 25.5° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and sodium acrylate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the methyl chloride quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide, sodium acrylate and the dimethylsulfate quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
An aqueous gel of claim 8 wherein the monomers are a mixture of acrylamide and the methyl chloride quaternary of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
283 words
A water-soluble copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said copolymer being prepared by a process consisting essentially of (a) irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR7## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer;(3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein Y is --NH 2 or ##STR8## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel of a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solutions at 25.5° C., and (b) recovering said copolymer from the aqueous copolymer gel.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
283 words
A water-soluble copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said copolymer being prepared by a process consisting essentially of (a) irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR7## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer;(3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, wherein Y is --NH 2 or ##STR8## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel of a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solutions at 25.5° C., and (b) recovering said copolymer from the aqueous copolymer gel.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
289 words
An aqueous gel containing from about 10% to about 45% by weight concentration, of a water-soluble copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said aqueous copolymer gel being prepared by a process consisting essentially of irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR9## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, where Y is --NH 2 or ##STR10## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel containing a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solution at 25.5° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
289 words
An aqueous gel containing from about 10% to about 45% by weight concentration, of a water-soluble copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity in 2N sodium chloride solution of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram at 25° C., said aqueous copolymer gel being prepared by a process consisting essentially of irradiating with high energy ionizing radiation at an intensity of from 250 rads to 200,000 rads per hour to a dose of from 1,000 to 200,000 rads, an ammonia free aqueous solution having a pH from about 3 to about 13 and containing from 10% to 45% concentration by weight of (1) at least two monomers conforming to the formula ##STR9## (2) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, water-soluble salt of acrylic acid, or water-soluble salt of vinyl sulfonic acid, said mixture containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer; (3) a mixture of at least one of said monomers with up to 25% of its own weight of acrylonitrile; or (4) a mixture of at least one of said monomers, acrylic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof, and acrylonitrile containing at least 15% by weight of said monomer and no more than 25% by weight of acrylonitrile, where Y is --NH 2 or ##STR10## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are 1 to 4 carbon alkyl radicals and X - is an anion, to form an aqueous gel containing a water-soluble, high molecular weight copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of from about 6 deciliters per gram to about 30 deciliters per gram in 2 normal sodium chloride solution at 25.5° C.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-09-18 | 1982-03-20 | 1982-09-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-09-18 | 1986-03-20 | 1986-09-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-09-18 | 1990-03-20 | 1990-09-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |