US4115187A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Agglomerated fillers used in paper
Assignee: Welwyn Hall Research Association
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Filing: 1976-02-23
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Granted: 1978-09-19
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Expires: 1996-02-23
Abstract
Abstract Acid reactive mineral particles are treated by dissolving certain hydrophilic organic polymeric compounds in the interparticulate water of an aqueous dispersion of the mineral particles and adding an interacting chemical to insolubilize the polymeric material and thereby form stable particle plus polymer agglomerates having a decreased rate of attack by acid. The acid protected particle plus polymer agglomerates are formed with a paper furnish into a paper sheet. A particularly preferred mineral is calcium carbonate. Suitable polymeric compounds are starch, sodium alginate, casein and alkali- solubilized latices. Sometimes it may be advantageous to use organic polymeric compounds in combination with one another.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard Robertson Davidson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 03:58
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01F; C01F11/00; C01F11/18; C01F11/185; D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/63; D21H17/67; D21H17/69; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
158 words
A method of making paper using an acid reactive mineral filler which permits the use of an acid pH, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said reactive mineral filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersd therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, proteinacious compounds, hydroxylated polymers and alkali solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical isolubilization agent; (b) treating said dispersion with at least sufficient of said insolubilization agent to form insolubilized polymer and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates: (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking stock to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper from said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
158 words
A method of making paper using an acid reactive mineral filler which permits the use of an acid pH, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said reactive mineral filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersd therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, proteinacious compounds, hydroxylated polymers and alkali solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical isolubilization agent; (b) treating said dispersion with at least sufficient of said insolubilization agent to form insolubilized polymer and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates: (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking stock to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper from said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said acid reactive mineral filler is calcium carbonate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is starch and alginate and said insolubilization agent is a solution of papermakers' alum.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is an alkali solubilized acrylate or methacrylate emulsion polymer and said agent is a solution of papermakers' alum.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is starch and said agent is zirconyl acetate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is casein and said agent is a salt of a multivalent metal selected from the group consisting of aluminium, calcium and zirconium cations.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said acid reactive filler is calcium carbonate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said filler and polymer(s) of step (a) are dried, redispersed in water and subsequently subjected to the insolubilization of step (b).
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said filler and polymer(s) of step (a) are dried and the polymer(s) insolubilized by redispersion in water containing said agent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said filler and polymers(s) of step (a) are dried, said agent being contained in the paper making furnish of step (c).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is starch.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is starch.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is an alginate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is an alginate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is casein.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is casein.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is an alkali solubilized latex.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one hydrophilic organic polymer is an alkali solubilized latex.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said insolubilization agent is papermakers' alum.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said insolubilization agent is papermakers' alum.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
143 words
A method of making a paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filter, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates, casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) treating said dispersion with at least sufficient of said chemical insolubilization agent and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form agglomerates; (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking stock to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper from said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
143 words
A method of making a paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filter, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates, casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) treating said dispersion with at least sufficient of said chemical insolubilization agent and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form agglomerates; (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking stock to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper from said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said aqueous suspension resulting from step (b) is continuously streamed into said papermaking stock in step (c).
Claim 25
Independent Claim
130 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer, selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali solubilized latices, said at least polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) adding said aqueous dispersion to a paper furnish containing an aqueous solution of a chemical insolubilization agent to form intimately blended paper furnish and a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (c) forming paper from the papermaking furnish and recovering said paper.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
130 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer, selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali solubilized latices, said at least polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) adding said aqueous dispersion to a paper furnish containing an aqueous solution of a chemical insolubilization agent to form intimately blended paper furnish and a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (c) forming paper from the papermaking furnish and recovering said paper.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 23 wherein said at least one polymer is an alkali solubilized latex and casein and said agent is papermakers' alum.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
146 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) running said dispersion into at least sufficient of said insolubilization agent to form insolubilized polymer and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking furnish to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper form said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
146 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) running said dispersion into at least sufficient of said insolubilization agent to form insolubilized polymer and to produce a suspension containing stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (c) intimately blending a filler amount of said suspension with a papermaking furnish to form a blend having an acid pH; and (d) forming a paper form said blend and recovering said paper.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 25 wherein said at least one polymer is an alkali solubilized latex and casein and said agent is papermakers' alum.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
173 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) forming a suspension by adding a chemical insolubilization agent to said dispersion in a first amount which is insufficient to insolubilize all of said at least one polymer; (c) intimately blending said suspension with a papermaking furnish having an acid pH containing a second amount of said agent sufficient to ensure, together with said first amount thereof, the formation of insolubilized polymer and to produce stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (d) forming a paper from the papermaking furnish containing said agglomerates; and (e) recovering said paper.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
173 words
A method of making paper using a calcium carbonate filler, which method comprises: (a) forming an aqueous dispersion containing at least 30%, by weight, of said calcium carbonate filler, wherein the interparticulate water of said dispersion has dispersed therein at least one hydrophilic organic polymer selected from the group consisting of starch, alginates casein and alkali-solubilized latices, said at least one polymer being capable of being rendered water-insoluble by a chemical insolubilization agent; (b) forming a suspension by adding a chemical insolubilization agent to said dispersion in a first amount which is insufficient to insolubilize all of said at least one polymer; (c) intimately blending said suspension with a papermaking furnish having an acid pH containing a second amount of said agent sufficient to ensure, together with said first amount thereof, the formation of insolubilized polymer and to produce stable agglomerates of filler particles, said particles being held together by said insolubilized polymer to form said agglomerates; (d) forming a paper from the papermaking furnish containing said agglomerates; and (e) recovering said paper.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 27 wherein said at least one polymer is an alkali solubilized latex and casein and said agent is papermakers' alum.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 wherein a surface active agent which is a deflocculant for said filler is also included in the dispersion of part (a).
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-09-18 | 1982-03-20 | 1982-09-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-09-18 | 1986-03-20 | 1986-09-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-09-18 | 1990-03-20 | 1990-09-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |