Vortex diodes

Claim 1

A vortex diode comprising a thin cylindrical vortex chamber, a peripheral channel about the chamber, an axial port and at least one tangential port in communication with the chamber, characterized by the following geometric parameters: (a) the diameter d t of at least one tangential port at the region of merger thereof with the channel is substantially equal to the diameter of the channel; (b) the ratio r t /d t , where r t and d t are, respectively, the radius of curvature at the junction of a tangential port with the vortex chamber and the diameter of the tangential port at its region of merger with the chamber, lies in the range 0.5 to 2; (c) the ratio r i /d i , where r i and d i are, respectively, the radius of curvature at the junction between the axial port and the vortex chamber and the diameter of the axial port at its region of merger with the vortex chamber, lies in the range 0.3 to 3; (d) the ratio r e /d e , where r e and d e are, respectively, the radius of curvature at the junction between the axial port with a flow passage at the end of the axial port remote from the chamber and the diameter of the axial port at its end remote from the chamber, lies in the range 0.3 to 4; (e) the ratio A t /A e , where A t and A e are, respectively, the cross-sectional areas of the axial and tangential ports at the regions of merger with the chamber, lies in the range 0.5 to 2; (f) the ratio h/d e , where h is the internal height of the chamber, ranges from 0.1 to 0.5; and (g) the ratio d o /d e , where d o is the overall diameter of the chamber, ranges from 4 to 10.