US4110045A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electromagnetic wave ring resonator
Assignee: Raytheon Co
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Filing: 1976-01-02
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Granted: 1978-08-29
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Expires: 1996-01-02
Abstract
Abstract An electromagnetic wave ring resonator is disclosed wherein means in included for spatially rotating the electromagnetic field distribution of waves resonant therein, such rotation being about the direction of propagation of such waves. With such arrangement the electromagnetic field distribution rotating means provides a phase difference between waves of opposite polarization sense, thereby enabling the waves to resonate with different frequencies. In a four frequency laser gyroscope the electromagnetic field distribution rotating means includes a catoptric arrangement which reduces the loss, scatter and linear birefringence associated with a ring resonator included in such gyroscope.
Inventors
- 👤 Irl Wilson Smith, Jr.
- 👤 Terry A. Dorschner
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 03:32
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01C; G01C19/00; G01C19/58; G01C19/64; G01C19/66; G01C19/667; G02; G02B; G02B26/00; G02B26/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator wherein resonant electromagnetic waves propagate through a nonsolid medium; (b) means, included in such ring resonator, for spatially rotating the electromagnetic field distribution of the resonant electromagnetic waves as such waves pass through the nonsolid medium about the direction of propagation of such waves to enable the electromagnetic waves in such resonator to resonate with different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization state propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
89 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator wherein resonant electromagnetic waves propagate through a nonsolid medium; (b) means, included in such ring resonator, for spatially rotating the electromagnetic field distribution of the resonant electromagnetic waves as such waves pass through the nonsolid medium about the direction of propagation of such waves to enable the electromagnetic waves in such resonator to resonate with different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization state propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
47 words
The combination recited in claim 1 wherein the rotating means includes a plurality of reflectors arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized electromagnetic waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such ring resonator with different frequencies.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The combination recited in claim 2 wherein such ring resonator includes an isotropic medium and wherein such rotating means rotates the electromagnetic field distribution of such resonant electromagnetic waves as such waves pass through such isotropic medium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The combination recited in claim 3 wherein such rotating means includes a catoptric system for directing the electromagnetic waves through the isotropic medium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
The combination recited in claim 4 wherein a section of such resonant electromagnetic waves is disposed in a first plane and a second section of such resonant electromagnetic waves is disposed in a second, intersecting plane.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The combination recited in claim 5 including a nonreciprocal means for establishing four different resonant frequency electromagnetic waves in the ring resonator.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The combination recited in claim 6 including a laser amplifier medium disposed in the ring resonator.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
121 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a plurality of reflectors, included in such resonator, for directing electromagnetic waves resonant in such resonator through a predetermined path as such waves pass through a nonsolid medium, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting plane, such plurality of reflectors being arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator with different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
121 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a plurality of reflectors, included in such resonator, for directing electromagnetic waves resonant in such resonator through a predetermined path as such waves pass through a nonsolid medium, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting plane, such plurality of reflectors being arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator with different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
The combination recited in claim 8 wherein such ring resonator includes an isotropic medium and wherein the directing means directs the resonant electromagnetic waves through such isotropic medium.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The combination recited in claim 9 wherein such directing means includes a catoptric system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
72 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a plurality of reflectors, included in such ring resonator, arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator with different frequencies; and (c) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
72 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a plurality of reflectors, included in such ring resonator, arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator with different frequencies; and (c) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
48 words
The combination recited in claim 11 wherein such plurality of reflectors directs electromagnetic waves resonant in such ring resonator through a predetermined path, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting plane.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The combination recited in claim 12 wherein such rotating means includes a catoptric system.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
78 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves resonant in such ring resonator; (c) means for altering the electromagnetic field distribution of the waves passing through such nonsolid medium to enable such circularly polarized electromagnetic waves to resonate with different frequencies; and (d) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
78 words
In combination: (a) an electromagnetic wave ring resonator; (b) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves resonant in such ring resonator; (c) means for altering the electromagnetic field distribution of the waves passing through such nonsolid medium to enable such circularly polarized electromagnetic waves to resonate with different frequencies; and (d) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
137 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein a ring resonator is included to support two pairs of circularly polarized waves, the waves of each of such pairs having opposite polarization senses, one of such pairs of waves propagating around the ring resonator in a first direction and the other one of such pairs of waves propagating around such ring resonator in the opposite direction, each one of the waves in the two pairs thereof having a different frequency, the improvement characterized by a plurality of reflectors, included in such ring resonator, arranged to provide a phase difference between waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate at different frequencies; and more for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
137 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein a ring resonator is included to support two pairs of circularly polarized waves, the waves of each of such pairs having opposite polarization senses, one of such pairs of waves propagating around the ring resonator in a first direction and the other one of such pairs of waves propagating around such ring resonator in the opposite direction, each one of the waves in the two pairs thereof having a different frequency, the improvement characterized by a plurality of reflectors, included in such ring resonator, arranged to provide a phase difference between waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate at different frequencies; and more for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
The improvement recited in claim 15 wherein such ring resonator includes an nonsolid medium and wherein such rotating means rotates the electromagnetic field distribution of such resonant waves as such waves pass through such nonsolid medium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The combination recited in claim 16 wherein such rotating means includes a catoptric system for directing the waves through the nonsolid medium.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
The combination recited in claim 17 wherein a section of such resonant waves is disposed in a first plane and a second section of such waves is disposed in a second, intersecting, plane.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) means, included in such ring resonator, comprising a plurality of reflectors arranged to direct such waves through a predetermined path, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting plane, such plurality of reflectors being arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator at different frequencies; and (b) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense passing around the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
120 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) means, included in such ring resonator, comprising a plurality of reflectors arranged to direct such waves through a predetermined path, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting plane, such plurality of reflectors being arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator at different frequencies; and (b) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense passing around the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
The improvement recited in claim 19 wherein such waves pass through an nonsolid medium and wherein such means directs the waves through such medium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
90 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of the waves; (b) means for spatially rotating the electromagnetic field distribution of such waves about the direction of propagation of such waves as such waves pass through the nonsolid medium to enable electromagnetic waves in such resonator to resonate at different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization state propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
90 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of the waves; (b) means for spatially rotating the electromagnetic field distribution of such waves about the direction of propagation of such waves as such waves pass through the nonsolid medium to enable electromagnetic waves in such resonator to resonate at different frequencies; and (c) means for producing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization state propagating in the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
42 words
The improvement recited in claim 21 wherein such rotating means directs the waves through a predetermined path, one section of such path being disposed in a first plane and a second section of such path being disposed in a second, intersecting, plane.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
45 words
The improvement recited in claim 22 wherein the rotating means includes a plurality of reflectors arranged to provide a phase difference between circularly polarized waves of opposite polarization senses to enable such waves of opposite polarization senses to resonate in such resonator with different frequencies.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
78 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of circularly polarized waves; (b) means for altering the electromagnetic field distribution of the waves passing through such nonsolid medium to enable such circularly polarized waves to resonate with different frequencies; and (c) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense passing around the resonator in opposite directions.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
78 words
In a laser gyroscope wherein laser waves resonate in a ring resonator, the improvement comprising: (a) a nonsolid medium disposed in the path of circularly polarized waves; (b) means for altering the electromagnetic field distribution of the waves passing through such nonsolid medium to enable such circularly polarized waves to resonate with different frequencies; and (c) means for providing different phase delays to the electromagnetic waves having the same polarization sense passing around the resonator in opposite directions.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-08-28 | 1982-02-27 | 1982-08-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-08-28 | 1986-02-27 | 1986-08-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-08-28 | 1990-02-27 | 1990-08-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |